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17 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
aquaporin
channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate
carrier protein
membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape
channel protein
membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane
concentration gradient
area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration
diffusion
passive process of transport of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient
facilitated transport
process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins
hypertonic
situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell
hypotonic
situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell
isotonic
situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell
osmolarity
total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution
osmosis
transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane
passive transport
method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy
plasmolysis
detaching of the cell membrane from the cell wall and constriction of the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution
selectively permeable
characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others
solute
substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
tonicity
amount of solute in a solution
transport protein
membrane protein that facilitates passage of a substance across a membrane by binding it