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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are organic molecules?
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carbon-based molecule
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What are inorganic molecules?
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non-carbon based molecules
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hydrocarbon
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organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
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functional group
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group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules
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hydrophilic
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attracts water molecules
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monomer
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small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule
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polymer
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long chain of small molecular units
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carbohydrate
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organic compound made of sugar molecules
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monosaccharide
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sugar containing one sugar unit
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disaccharide
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sugar containing two monosaccharides
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polysaccharide
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long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers
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starch
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polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers
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glycogen
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polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers
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cellulose
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polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls
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lipid
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one of a class of water-avoiding compounds
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hydrophobic
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avoids water molecules
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fat
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organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids
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saturated fat
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fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
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unsaturated fat
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fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains
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steroid
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lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings
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cholesterol
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steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells
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protein
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polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers
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amino acid
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monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups
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polypeptide
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chain of linked amino acids
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denaturation
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loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
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activation energy
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minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction
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catalyst
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agent that speeds up chemical reactions
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enzyme
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specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell
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substrate
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specific reactant acted on by an enzyme
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active site
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region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits
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Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
a.cellulose b.sucrose c.water d.testosterone |
c. water
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Which of the following terms includes all the other terms on this list?
a. polysaccharide b. carbohydrate c. monosaccharide d. glycogen |
b. carbohydrate
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What term is most appropriate to describe a molecule that dissolves easily in water?
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hydrophilic
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