Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Very large molecules are calld
|
Macromolecules
|
|
|
Examples of macromolecules
|
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
|
|
|
whats a polymer
|
long molecule consisting of identical/similar building blocks
|
|
|
monomers
|
repeating units of a polymer
|
|
|
Condensation reaction (dehydration reaction)
|
2 monomers joined by removal of H2O molecule
- Each monomer donates part of the water molecule |
|
|
Hydrolysis
|
2 monomers broken apart by addition of H2O
- Each monomer accepts part of water molecule - Ex: Digestion |
|
|
how many polymers can monomers be combined to form
|
infinite
- can be combined like letters of the alphabet |
|
|
Carbohydrates examples
|
sugars
|
|
|
Monosaccharide
|
simple sugar
|
|
|
disaccharide
|
double sugar, 2 monosaccharides joined via covalent bond
|
|
|
polysaccharide
|
polymers of many sugars
|
|
|
most common monosaccharide
|
glucose
- six carbon sugar - it is the root of cellular respiration (fuel) |
|
|
disaccharide
|
maltose
|
|
|
polysaccharides are made up of
|
100's to 1000's of monosaccharides
|
|
|
storage polysaccharides
|
sugars stored for later use
- ex starch (plants) - ex glycogen (animals) |
|
|
structural polysaccharides
|
used for support and strength
- ex cellulose, humans cant digest fiber - chitin (in fungi) (spiders) |
|
|
starch molecules are shaped
|
helical
|
|
|
cellulose molecules are shaped
|
straight
|
|
|
examples of lipids
|
fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigments
|
|
|
are lipids polymers
|
no
|
|
|
fat molecule is made of
|
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
|
|
|
Saturated Fats (type of bond?)
|
Single bonds
- carbon is as saturated as it can be - lard and butter, solid at room temp |
|
|
Unsaturated Fats (type of bond?)
|
Some Double bonds
|
|
|
phospholipid
|
glycerol + 2 fatty acids
|
|
|
cell membranes are made of
|
phospholipid bilayer
|
|
|
Steroids are made of
|
carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings
|
|
|
proteins latin root
|
proteios meaning "first place"
|
|
|
Polymers in protein
|
polypeptides
|
|
|
four types of protein structure
|
Primary
Secondary - coils/folds Tertiary Quaternary |
|
|
two types of nucleic acids
|
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - DNA
Ribonucleic Acid - RNA |
|
|
Chromosomes are made of
|
DNA - which consists of hundreds of genes
|
|
|
Nucleic acids are responsible for
|
Genetic material
|
|
|
software of dna
|
nucleic acid
|
|
|
hardware of dna
|
protein
|
|
|
Pyrmidine ring number
|
one ring
|
|
|
Purine ring number
|
two rings
|
