Biology Ch 4

Front 1

Microscopes

Back 1

An instrument that magnifies objects

Front 2

Light microscopes

Back 2

Visible light that passes and is bent through the lens system to help the user see the specimen.

Front 3

Electron microscopes

Back 3

Uses a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light and provides higher resolving power.

Front 4

Unified cell theory

Back 4

All living things are composed of one or more living cells

Front 5

Prokaryote

Back 5

Simple mostly single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus.

Front 6

Nucleoid

Back 6

Central part of a prokaryotic cell in which the chromosome is found.

Front 7

Cell Wall

Back 7

Rigid cell covering made of various molecules that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell

Front 8

Central Vacuole

Back 8

Large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell’s storage compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of macromolecule degradation

Front 9

Centrosome

Back 9

Region in animal cells made of two centrioles

Front 10

Chlorophyll

Back 10

Green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the light reactions of photosynthesis

Front 11

Chloroplast

Back 11

Plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Front 12

Chromatin

Back 12

Protein-DNA complex that serves as the building material of chromosomes

Front 13

Chromosomes

Back 13

Structure within the nucleus that is made up of chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material

Front 14

Cytoplasm

Back 14

Entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals

Front 15

Cytosol

Back 15

Gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended

Front 16

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 16

Cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs

Front 17

Lysosome

Back 17

Organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles

Front 18

Mitochondria

Back 18

Cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule

Front 19

Nuclear Envelope

Back 19

Double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus

Front 20

Nucleolus

Back 20

Darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling the subunits of the ribosomes

Front 21

Nucleoplasm

Back 21

Semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus that contains the chromatin and nucleolus

Front 22

Nucleus

Back 22

Cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Front 23

Organelle

Back 23

Compartment or sac within a cell

Front 24

Peroxisome

Back 24

Small, round organelle that contains hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxifies many poisons

Front 25

Plasma Membrane

Back 25

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment

Front 26

Ribosome

Back 26

Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

Front 27

Vacuole

Back 27

Membrane-bound sac, somewhat larger than a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transport

Front 28

Vesicle

Back 28

Small, membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport; its membrane is capable of fusing with the plasma membrane and the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus