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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organic chemistry
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study of carbon containing molecules
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vitalists
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attributed existence of life and formation of those molecules to a life force independent of physical and chemical laws
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hydrocarbons
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simplest organic molecules, consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
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isomers
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compounds with same molecular formula but different structural arrangement and thus, different properties
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structural isomers
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differ in arrangement of atoms and often in location of double bonds
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geometric isomers
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same sequence of of covalently bonded atoms but different in spatial arrangement due to inflexibility of double bonds
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enantiomers
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left and right handed versions of each other
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asymmetric carbon
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one that is covalently bonded to four different kinds of atoms or groups of atoms
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Name the six functional groups
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hydroxyl; carbonyl; carboxyl; amino; sulfhydryl; phosphate
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hydroxyl group
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an oxygen and a hydrogen (-OH) covalently bonded to the carbon skeleton
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organic molecules with hydroxyl groups are called
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alcohols
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carbonyl group
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consist of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (>CO)
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two types of carbonyl group
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aldehyde and ketone
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aldehyde
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if the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon skeleton
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ketone
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if the carbonyl group is not at the end of the carbon skeleton
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carboxyl group
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carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also attached to a hydroxyl group (-COOH)
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amino group
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nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogens (-NH2)
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sulfhydryl group
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sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen (-SH)
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thiols
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compounds containing sulfhydryl groups
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phosphate group
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bonded to the carbon skeleton by its oxygen attached to the phosphorus atom that is bonded to three other oxygen atoms (-OPO3-2)
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