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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the universal solvent?
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Water
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Polar Molecule, slightly positive on one side, slightly negative on one side
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Water
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Emergent properties of water:
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Strong cohesion
moderation of termperature Ability to insulate liquid water (ice) Solvent of life |
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What holds water together?
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Hydrogen bonds, more structured than other liquids
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Define adhesion
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clinging of one substance to another
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Define surface tension
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measure of how much work it takes to stretch/break surface of liquid, water is higher than most
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What is kinetic energy?
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the energy of motion
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Specific heat
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amt of heat that must be absorbed/lost in order for 1g to change T by 1 degree Celsius
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Why does water maintain temp
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high specific heat
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why does water have high specific heat
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strong hydrogen bonds
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Evaporation / vaporization?
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liquid to gas
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Heat of Vaporization
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heat needed to cause 1g of a liquid to evaporate
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Water is more or less dense as a solid (ice)?
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Less dense, ice floats
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Transpiration
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plants releasing water to cool
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What insulates water and allows life as we know it?
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Ice
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Why does ice float?
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water molecules develop a lattice type structure with space in between in a very regular pattern, that's why ice expands
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Solution
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completely homogeneous liquid mixture of 2+ substances.
composed of a solvent and a solute |
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Solvent
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dissolving agent
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Solute
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dissolved substance
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Hydration shell
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forms around each ion/molecule of a solute in aqueous solution
- caused by polarity of water molecules |
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what's hydrophilic
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having an affinity for water
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what's hydrophobic
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aversion to water, repels water.. oil, wax, etc..
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Colloid
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stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid (solute does not dissolve-particles usually too large); hydrophilic - ex. Milk
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H2O dissociates into:
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hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)
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Pure water:
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Concentrations of H and OH are the same, pH is 7 (neutral)
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Acid
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increases [H+] (concentration) of a solution
Dissociates completely; i.e. strong acid |
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Base
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reduces [H+] (concentration) (or increases [OH-] of a solution)
Dissociates completely; i.e. strong base |
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Neutral
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ph7
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Acidic solutions
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lower pH
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Basic solutions
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higher pH, above 7
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how much is the difference between numbers on pH scale
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tenfold
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pH Buffers
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substances that minimize changes in acid and bases in a solution
- add [H+] if needed, bind [H+] if in excess |
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importance of buffers
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help maintain pH of 7.4 in human blood
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