Biology Ch. 2

Front 1

All matter is composed of what

Back 1

atoms

Front 2

Atoms are composed of what three major things?

Back 2

protons
neutrons
electron

Front 3

Protons:

Back 3

positively charged particles

Front 4

Neutrons:

Back 4

Neutrally charged particles

Front 5

Electrons:

Back 5

negatively charged particles

Front 6

Where are protons and electrons located

Back 6

Nucleus

Front 7

Where are neutrons found?

Back 7

Orbitals surrounding the nucleus

Front 8

Protons are equal to what other particle

Back 8

electrons

Front 9

Atomic number is equal to what other particle?

Back 9

Protons

Front 10

What happens when atoms have the same atomic number

Back 10

they have the same chemical properties and belong to the same element

Front 11

Dalton=

Back 11

mass of proton and neutron

Front 12

Electrons are equal to what other particle

Back 12

protons

Front 13

protons+neutrons=

Back 13

atomic mass

Front 14

isotopes

Back 14

atoms of the same element that have different atomic mass number due to different number of neutrons

Front 15

Neutral Atoms:

Back 15

have the same nmber of protons and electrons

Front 16

Ions:

Back 16

charged atoms

Front 17

Cations-

Back 17

have more protons than electrons and are positively charges

Front 18

anions-

Back 18

have more electrons than protons and are negatively charged

Front 19

Where are electons located?

Back 19

electrons are located in orbitals surrounding the nucleus

Front 20

how many electrons can an orbital have?

Back 20

two

Front 21

oxidation:

Back 21

the process of losing an electron

Front 22

reduction:

Back 22

the process of gaining an electron.

Front 23

Valence Electrons:

Back 23

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Front 24

Periodic Table:

Back 24

arranges all elements according to their atomic number. Identifies element of similar chemical properties

Front 25

Octet Rule:

Back 25

Atoms ted to establish completely -ful outer energy level (fill in each ring and then the rest)

Front 26

Whats the difference with an atom with unfilled energy
full energy

Back 26

atoms with full energy levels are less reactive than atoms with unfilled energy levels.

Front 27

How many natural occuring elements?

Back 27

92

Front 28

What are the four elements that makeup up 96.3 percent of hman body weight?

Back 28

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

Front 29

Molecules:

Back 29

groups of atoms held together in a stable association

Front 30

cOMPOUNDS:

Back 30

molecules containing more than one type of element.

Front 31

Ionic bonds:

Back 31

lose/gain electrons

Front 32

Covalent bonds:

Back 32

share bonds

Front 33

Electronegativity:

Back 33

an atom's affinity for electrons

Front 34

Non Polar Covalent Bonds:

Back 34

Equal shring of electons
(proteins, carbs,etc)

Front 35

Polar Covalent bonds:

Back 35

unequal sharing of electrons
(water)

Front 36

Chemical Reactions occur by..(3)

Back 36

-termperature
-concentration of reactants and products
-availability of a catalyst

Front 37

Whats the most important property of water

Back 37

the ability to form hydrogen bonds

Front 38

Solvent:

Back 38

dissolves in water

Front 39

Hydrogen Bonds:

Back 39

weak attractions between the partially negative oxygen of one water molecule and the partially positive hydrogen of a different water molecule

Front 40

What does the polarity of water cause?

Back 40

cohesive and adhesive

Front 41

cohesion:

Back 41

water molecules stick to other water molecules by hydrogen bonding

Front 42

adhesion:

Back 42

water molecules stick to other polar molecules by hydrogen bonding

Front 43

Hydrophyllic:

Back 43

water loving

Front 44

Hydrophobic:

Back 44

water fearing

Front 45

Base:

Back 45

A chemical that accepts H+1 ions (larger number)

Front 46

Acid:

Back 46

a chemical that releases H+1 ions

Front 47

Buffer:

Back 47

A chemical that accepts/release H+1 as necessary to keep pH constant