Biology--Ch. 16 (Wildlife & Water)

Front 1

T/F: Water is indispensable to all organisms and is evenly distributed across the earth's surface - both in time and space.

Back 1

False.

Front 2

Which major water source discharging into the worlds oceans carries the most soil and sediments?

Amazon River
Antarctic Glaciers
Mississippi River
Yellow River

Back 2

Antarctic Glaciers

Front 3

Terrestrial wildlife reacts and adapts to water caused barriers. Which does not fit this category?

Isolation allows speciation
Learned swimming behavior
Rafting
Use ice

Back 3

Learned swimming behavior

Front 4

The northern prairie potholes refer to sloughs and ponds usually less than what size?

Back 4

1 acre

Front 5

T/F: Chionophiles refers to those species not only adapted to snow, but seek out ice/snow regions.

Back 5

True.

Front 6

What percentage of the earth's water is salty?

Back 6

97.5%

Front 7

What percentage of the earth's water is in glaciers, etc.?

Back 7

69%

Front 8

What percentage of the earth's water is fresh groundwater?

Back 8

30%

Front 9

What percentage of the earth's water is i nfreshwater lakes and rivers?

Back 9

0.3%

Front 10

What percentage of the earth's freshwater is used for Agriculture?

Back 10

65%

Front 11

What percentage of the earth's freshwater is used for Industrial purposes?

Back 11

25%

Front 12

What percentage of the earth's freshwater is used for Domestic purposes?

Back 12

10%

Front 13

How does Topography affect water?

Back 13

Land, climatic variables, soils and rock contribute to soil erosion which goes into rivers.

Front 14

A U-shaped lake water body formed when a wide meander from the mainstem of a river is cut off to create a lake; called Billabongs in Australia.

Back 14

Oxbow lakes.

Front 15

A landform created at the mouth of a river where that river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or reservoir or another river; formed from the deposition of the sediment carried by the river as the flow leaves the mouth of the river.

Back 15

Deltas.

Front 16

Seperates the Oriental from teh Australian floral and faunal regions.

Back 16

Wallace's Line

Front 17

How can terrestrial wildlife react and adapt to water barriers?

Back 17

-"Rafting" on vegetational debri.
-Use ice

Front 18

What 3 things are included as Riparian Zones?

Back 18

-Riparian ecosystems
-aquatic ecosystems
-wetlands

Front 19

the interface between land and a stream.

Back 19

Riparian Zone

Front 20

More productive in terms of plant and animal species diversity and biomass per unit area than all the rest of teh land base.

Back 20

Riparian zones

Front 21

What are Riparian Zones valued for, other than for wildlife and livestock? (3)

Back 21

-flood control
-water quality, quantity, and timing.
-ecological stabilizing systems

Front 22

Sloughs and ponds, usually less than one acre taht occur with a pond density of 5 or 6 to more than 100 per sq. mile.

Back 22

Potholes.

Front 23

Made by glaciers retreating, and ice chunks would fall off and make the impring, melt, and fill the hole with water; usually form in limestone sink holes.

Back 23

Potholes.

Front 24

Associated with the Great Plains praries which has earned the term "Duck Factory."

Back 24

Potholes.

Front 25

Refers to a sampling procedure for assessing teh community type and species composition along edges of live water; canprovide a good indication of the general health of the entire watershed.

Back 25

Green Line Vegetation Composition.

Front 26

Refers to that specific area where a more or less continuous cover of perennial vegetation is found when moving away from the perennial water source.

Back 26

the 'Green Line'

Front 27

Developed to count the number of ponds still available to waterfowl in July; shows the strong relationship of waterfowl to a single habitat factor; used to adjust bag limits.

Back 27

July Pond Index.

Front 28

List 5 examples of Hydroseral Wildife.

Back 28

1. Beaver
2. Moose
3. Waterfowl
4. Shorebirds
5. Neotropical birds.

Front 29

Mammals and birds who avoid snow and are not adapted to it (adapted to deserts instead).

Back 29

Chionophobes.

Front 30

Mammals and birds who are adapted to snow; don't seek out, but if they encounter it are fine.

Back 30

Chionophores.

Front 31

Mammals and birds who prefer and seek out snow

Back 31

Chionophiles.

Front 32

Give 3 examples of Chionophores.

Back 32

Deer, coyotes, fox.

Front 33

Give an example of a Chionophile.

Back 33

Snow Show Rabbit.

Front 34

What 3 things does the Reservior effect basically involve?

Back 34

1. Drying a wetland.
2. Re-floodig it.
3. Enrichment flush.

Front 35

The dynamic nutrient enrichment of water following impoundment (being confined in an enclosure).

Back 35

Reservior effect.

Front 36

The deliberate seasonal or periodic drying of wetlands; takes advantage of the 'reservoir effect' for the enhanced management of wetlands for the benefit of waterfowl and other wildlife.

Back 36

Drawdown.

Front 37

Why is the Beaver a keystone species? (4).

Back 37

It exerts unique positive influences on streams and wetlands such as:
-raised water tables
-upstream sedimentation nitrogen accumulation
-transfer of biomass from terrestrail to aquatic systems
-enhanced quality of water.

Front 38

How do Beavers effect riparian zones?

Back 38

They stop sediments in the stream and thus begin the process of succession from a pond to a meadow, etc.

Front 39

How do Beavers effect waterfowl? (6)

Back 39

1. Interspersion of cover associated with water.
2. Beneficial composition of cover types.
3. Water depth
4. Amount and types of food resources.
5. Freedom from human disturbances.
6. Proximity of nesting cover to brood habitat.

Front 40

Why is the Alligator a keystone species? (2)

Back 40

They perform essential functions that are critical to the survival of other wildlife and plants:
-Gater holes are miniature refuges of fresh water (They clear marsh vegetation and mud from over natural depressions in limestone floors)
-makes levees to prevent river flooding

Front 41

What are the 2 direct effects of oil on birds?

Back 41

1. Loss of insulation
2. Ingestion of oil via preening

Front 42

What indirect effect does oil have on birds? (1 main, 3 subs)

Back 42

Reproduction reduced.
-ducks that ingested oil stopped laying eggs.
-with lack of insulation, female ducks couldn't incubate eggs
-oil interrupts normal gasious exchange through the eggshell, so the embryo dies.

Front 43

What are 3 ecoystetm elements that are negatively affected by Acid Rain?

Back 43

1. Terrestrial flora and fauna killed.
2. Soil pH altered (limestone dissolved)
3. Influences Aqcuatic wildlife.

Front 44

What 4 ways does Acid Rain influence Aquatic Wildlife?

Back 44

1. Fish losses dramatic
2. Inhibits sense of smell in salmonids (prevents spawning)
3. High mortality in amphibian embryos.
4. Effects fish-eating birds.

Front 45

What is an advantage of Guzzlers?

Back 45

Dependable sources of water.

Front 46

What is a disadvantage of Guzzlers?

Back 46

Insufficient amount or dependency.

Front 47

Africa is in the worse condition and by the year 2010, 400 million Africans will be under ______________.

Back 47

Water stress.

Front 48

Area of immediate release of sewage; no oxygen, lots of bacteria.

Back 48

Zone of Degredation

Front 49

Occurs downstrean where sludge deposits; anaerobic organisms (Botulism) flourish here

Back 49

Zone of Active Decomposition

Front 50

Occurs even further downstream; full range of aquatic life begins again; increase in Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand; results from stream's ability to reaerate itself.

Back 50

Zone fo Recovery