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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics |
The scientific study of heredity |
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Fertilization |
When male and female reproductive cells join during sexual reproduction |
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True-breeding |
When if something self-populates, its offspring are identical to themselves |
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Trait |
A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
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Hybrid |
The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
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Genes |
Chemical factors that determine traits |
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Alleles |
Different forms of a gene |
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Segregation |
Separation of alleles |
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Gametes |
Sex cells |
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Probability |
The likelihood of the occurance of an event |
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Punnett square |
Diagram that determines possible genetic combinations coming from a genetic cross |
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Homozygous |
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait |
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Heterozygous |
Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular trait |
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Phenotype |
Physical characteristics |
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Genotype |
Genetic makeup |
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Independant assortment |
The principle that alleles of a particular trait segregate independently from other alleles for different traits |
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Incomplete dominance |
Case in which one allele isn't completely dominant over another |
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Codominance |
A case in where both alleles contribute to the phenotype, similar to incomplete dominance |
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Multiple alleles |
Genes with more than two alleles are said to have this |
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Polygenic traits |
Traits contolled by two or more genes |
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Homologous |
The name for the case in which each chromosome given by the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent |
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Diploid |
The name for the state of a cell that has both sets of homologous chromosomes |
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Haploid |
Similar to diploid, but the cell only has one set of homologous chromosomes |
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Meiosis |
The process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
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Tetrad |
A structure containing chromosomes paired with their homologous chromosome |
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crossing-over |
When homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads and exchange portions of their chromatids |
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Gene map |
A map showing the relative locations of each known gene on one of the Drosophila chromosomes |
