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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organisms are composed of... |
Matter |
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Matter is made up of... |
Elements |
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A compound is... |
A substance consisting of two or more elements in an fixed ratio |
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Which elements make up 96% of living matter? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen |
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What's the remaining 4% of elements consisting the earth? |
Calcium, Phosphorous, Potassium, and Sulfer |
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Those required by an organism in minute quantities are called... |
Trace Elements |
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What do elements consist of? |
Atoms |
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What is the definition of an atom? |
The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element |
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What are atoms composted of? |
Subatomic particles |
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Electrical charges: Neutrons Protons Electrons |
Neutrons: NO electrical charge Protons: POSITIVE charge Electrons: NEGATIVE charge |
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An elements atomic number is... |
the number of protons in it's nucleus |
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An elements mass number is... |
The sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus |
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Atomic mass is... |
The atom's total mass... Approximated by the mass number |
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Energy is... |
The capacity to cause change |
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Potential energy is... |
The energy that matter has because of its location |
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Electrons in an atom differ in their amounts of.. |
Potential Energy |
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Electrons of an atom differ in their amounts of... |
Potential Energy |
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An electron's state of potential energy is called... |
its energy level.. or electron shell |
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Valence electrons are those in.. |
The outermost shell or valence shell |
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The chemical behavior of an atom is mostly determined by... |
The valence Electrons |
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What kind of atoms can share or transfer valence electrons with certain other atoms? |
Atoms with incomplete valence shells |
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Atoms that share or transfer valence electrons with certain other atoms result in... |
Atoms staying close together.. via chemical bonds |
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A covalent bond is... |
the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms |
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In a covalent bond.. do the shared electrons count as part of each atom's valence shell? |
Yes |
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A charged atom (or molecule) is called... |
an Ion |
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What is a cation? |
A positively charged ion |
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What is an anion? |
A negatively charged ion |
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What is an ionic bond? |
An attraction between an anion and cation |
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Compounds formed by ionic bonds are called... |
Ionic compounds (or salts) |
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Most of the strongest bonds in organisms are called... |
Covalent bonds (they form in cell's molecules) |
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Are ionic and hydrogen bonds strong or weak? |
Ionic and Hydrogen Bonds are weak |
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What effects do weak chemical bonds have on large molecules? |
They reinforce shapes of large molecules and help molecules adhere to each other |
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What's the most important aspect of a molecule's shape? |
It defines it's functions |
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How're molecule's shape determined? |
Molecule's shapes are determined by the positions of its atoms' valence orbitals |
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What happens with the 's' and 'p' orbitals in a covalent bond sometimes? |
The s and p orbitals may hybridize and create specific molecular shapes |
