Biology: Cells

Front 1

Haploid

Back 1

refers to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes

Front 2

Diploid

Back 2

refers to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Front 3

chromatin

Back 3

granular material visible within the nucleus

consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Front 4

chromosome

Back 4

threadlike structure within the nucleus containing genetic information that is passed from one cell to the next

Front 5

active transport

Back 5

energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentrator difference

Front 6

cancer

Back 6

disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth

Front 7

cell

Back 7

basic unit of all forms of life

Front 8

cell membrane

Back 8

thin, flexible barrier around a cell. regulates what enters & leaves

Front 9

cell wall

Back 9

strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, & some bacteria

Front 10

chloroplast

Back 10

organelle found in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Front 11

cytokinesis

Back 11

division of cytoplasm during cell division

Front 12

cytoplasm

Back 12

material inside the cell membrane; not including nucleus

Front 13

diffusion

Back 13

process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Front 14

exocytosis

Back 14

process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Front 15

endocytosis

Back 15

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding the cell membrane

Front 16

Eukaryote

Back 16

organism whose cells contain nuclei

Front 17

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 17

movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Front 18

golgi apparatus

Back 18

stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, & packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Front 19

hydrophilic

Back 19

water-loving

Front 20

hydrophobic

Back 20

water-fearing

Front 21

lipid bilayer

Back 21

a double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes

Front 22

lysosome

Back 22

organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

Front 23

mitosis

Back 23

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the nucleus divides

Front 24

mutation

Back 24

a change in DNA sequence that affects genetic info

Front 25

mitochondria

Back 25

organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Front 26

nucleus

Back 26

structure that contains the cell's DNA and controls the cells activity

Front 27

organelle

Back 27

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

Front 28

osmosis

Back 28

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 29

prokaryote

Back 29

unicellular organism lacking a nucleus

Front 30

ribosome

Back 30

small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled. made of RNA & protein

Front 31

sex chromosome

Back 31

1 of 2 chromosomes that determine an individual's sex

Front 32

tissue

Back 32

a group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Front 33

tumor

Back 33

a mass of growing tissue

Front 34

cell cycle

Back 34

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Front 35

multicellular

Back 35

composed of several or many cells

Front 36

magnification

Back 36

making an image larger as to view details

Front 37

phospholipid

Back 37

any of a group of fatty compounds and occurring in living cells

Front 38

receptor protein

Back 38

an intracellular protein having a high specific affinity for binding agents known to stimulate cellular activity