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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the structure that makes up every living thing?
Cell
What are the three concepts that make up a cell theory?
1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Describe the prokaryotic cell. (definition, size range, examples)
Def: Cell that lacks a nucleus.
Size: Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
Example: Bacteria
Describe the eukaryotic cell. (definition, size, examples)
Def: Cell with a nucleus.
Size: Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Example: cells in animals, plants, fungi, etc.
Three characteristics of prokaryotes.
a. They do not enclose DNA in nuclei.
b. They carry out every activity associated w/ living things.
c. Sometimes glide along surfaces/swims through liquids.
Three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
a. Prokaryotes are smaller and simpler while eukaryotes are more complex.
b. Eukaryotes display great variety in what they do.
c. Prokaryotic cells don't separate their genetic material within the nucleus.
What is the difference in cytoplasm and cytosol?
The cytoplasm contains everything inside of the cell, except for the nucleus, and cytosol is what keeps everything in.
What category of cells is our body composed of? (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
eukaryotic cells
Which 2 organelles are used for energy reproduction in plant and animal cells?
The chloroplast and the mitochondria.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus holds all of the cell's DNA.
Could a cell function without the Golgi apparatus?
No, because if the Golgi apparatus fails the cell won't get enough of the proteins.
Why are lysosomes sometimes called "suicide sacs" and what is their important function?
They're called "suicide sacs" because if the lysosome breaks their contents can destroy the cell. Their important function is to digest food particles.
What would happen to a cell if it didn't have a cell membrane?
The cell would fall apart because then it wouldn't have anything in the cell to allow substances in or out.
Where are ribosomes produced?
They are produced in the nucleus.
Where are the codes for proteins stores?
The codes for proteins are stored in DNA which is contained inside of the nucleus.
What is the function of the ribosome?
They translate RNA into proteins.
Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
They're function is to package proteins for transport.
Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
It provides an internal structural skeleton to support the cell's shape.
Difference between rough ER and smooth ER.
The rough ER has a rough surface because of the presence of ribosomes on the membrane's surface, while the smooth ER is smooth.
What are 3 organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
1. vacuole
2. chloroplast
3. cell wall
What is the major difference in shape between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have more of a brick-like shape because of their cell wall. While animal cells usually have a circular or irregular shape.
Name the three sections of an animal cell.
1. membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus
Cytoplasm:
-found in both plants & animals
-contains everything inside the cell, except the nucleus
-inside the cell membrane
Cytosol:
-found in both plants & animals
-keeps the cell's structure
Nucleus:
-holds all of the cells DNA
Nucleolus:
-found in both plants and animals
-like "brain" of cell
-part of the nucleus containing most of the genes that code for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA
Chromatin/Chromosome:
-found in both plants and animals
-genetic material stored in nucleus
-found right next to nucleolus
Ribosome:
-found in both plants and animals
-produces proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
-found in both plants/animals

smooth ER: used for the production of lipids (also stores calcium)
rough ER: moves particles from one part of the cell to another
Golgi Apparatus:
-found in both plants & animals
-modifies proteins and stores/releases it in cell
Lysosome:
-found only in animals
-keeps everything clean in the cell
Vacuole:
-only found in plants
-stores excess water
Cytoskeleton (microfilament/microtube):
-found in both plants/animals
-support system for organelles
Chloroplast:
-found only in plants
-makes energy in the plant cell
-contains chlorophyl that makes things green
Mitochondria:
-found in both
-powerhouse of cell
-breaks down anything it can find to make food for energy
Cell Membrane:
-found in both plants & animals
-controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cell Wall:
-only found in plants
-protects the cell and gives it a definite shape
-acts as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell
Flagella:
-found in both plants/animals
-protein strand
-used for movement
Cilia:
-found in both plants and animals
-helps move every thing along
-has hairlike proteins
Name 2 structures that prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common.
1. cell membrane
2. ribosomes