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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the structure that makes up every living thing?
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Cell
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What are the three concepts that make up a cell theory?
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1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. |
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Describe the prokaryotic cell. (definition, size range, examples)
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Def: Cell that lacks a nucleus.
Size: Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Example: Bacteria |
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Describe the eukaryotic cell. (definition, size, examples)
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Def: Cell with a nucleus.
Size: Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. Example: cells in animals, plants, fungi, etc. |
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Three characteristics of prokaryotes.
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a. They do not enclose DNA in nuclei.
b. They carry out every activity associated w/ living things. c. Sometimes glide along surfaces/swims through liquids. |
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Three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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a. Prokaryotes are smaller and simpler while eukaryotes are more complex.
b. Eukaryotes display great variety in what they do. c. Prokaryotic cells don't separate their genetic material within the nucleus. |
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What is the difference in cytoplasm and cytosol?
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The cytoplasm contains everything inside of the cell, except for the nucleus, and cytosol is what keeps everything in.
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What category of cells is our body composed of? (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
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eukaryotic cells
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Which 2 organelles are used for energy reproduction in plant and animal cells?
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The chloroplast and the mitochondria.
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What is the function of the nucleus?
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The nucleus holds all of the cell's DNA.
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Could a cell function without the Golgi apparatus?
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No, because if the Golgi apparatus fails the cell won't get enough of the proteins.
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Why are lysosomes sometimes called "suicide sacs" and what is their important function?
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They're called "suicide sacs" because if the lysosome breaks their contents can destroy the cell. Their important function is to digest food particles.
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What would happen to a cell if it didn't have a cell membrane?
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The cell would fall apart because then it wouldn't have anything in the cell to allow substances in or out.
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Where are ribosomes produced?
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They are produced in the nucleus.
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Where are the codes for proteins stores?
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The codes for proteins are stored in DNA which is contained inside of the nucleus.
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What is the function of the ribosome?
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They translate RNA into proteins.
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Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
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They're function is to package proteins for transport.
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Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
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It provides an internal structural skeleton to support the cell's shape.
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Difference between rough ER and smooth ER.
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The rough ER has a rough surface because of the presence of ribosomes on the membrane's surface, while the smooth ER is smooth.
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What are 3 organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
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1. vacuole
2. chloroplast 3. cell wall |
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What is the major difference in shape between plant and animal cells?
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Plant cells have more of a brick-like shape because of their cell wall. While animal cells usually have a circular or irregular shape.
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Name the three sections of an animal cell.
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1. membrane
2. cytoplasm 3. nucleus |
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Cytoplasm:
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-found in both plants & animals
-contains everything inside the cell, except the nucleus -inside the cell membrane |
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Cytosol:
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-found in both plants & animals
-keeps the cell's structure |
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Nucleus:
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-holds all of the cells DNA
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Nucleolus:
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-found in both plants and animals
-like "brain" of cell -part of the nucleus containing most of the genes that code for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA |
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Chromatin/Chromosome:
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-found in both plants and animals
-genetic material stored in nucleus -found right next to nucleolus |
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Ribosome:
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-found in both plants and animals
-produces proteins |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum:
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-found in both plants/animals
smooth ER: used for the production of lipids (also stores calcium) rough ER: moves particles from one part of the cell to another |
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Golgi Apparatus:
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-found in both plants & animals
-modifies proteins and stores/releases it in cell |
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Lysosome:
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-found only in animals
-keeps everything clean in the cell |
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Vacuole:
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-only found in plants
-stores excess water |
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Cytoskeleton (microfilament/microtube):
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-found in both plants/animals
-support system for organelles |
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Chloroplast:
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-found only in plants
-makes energy in the plant cell -contains chlorophyl that makes things green |
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Mitochondria:
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-found in both
-powerhouse of cell -breaks down anything it can find to make food for energy |
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Cell Membrane:
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-found in both plants & animals
-controls what enters and leaves the cell |
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Cell Wall:
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-only found in plants
-protects the cell and gives it a definite shape -acts as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell |
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Flagella:
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-found in both plants/animals
-protein strand -used for movement |
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Cilia:
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-found in both plants and animals
-helps move every thing along -has hairlike proteins |
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Name 2 structures that prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common.
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1. cell membrane
2. ribosomes |