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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Species
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a group of individual organisms that have similar characteristics i.e appearance, physiology, biochemistry and genetics. Organisms within a species can interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring
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Habitat
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A place where an organism resides. It provides shelter, food, warmth- what the organism needs to survive. An individual is often very well adapted to it's habitat
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Biodiversity
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The variety of life- the range of living organisms in the world. Biodiversity takes into account:
species richness: the number of species present in a habitat species eveness: the measure of the relative numbers or abundance of individuals in each species |
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Quadrats
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quantative
abundance of each species |
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Transects
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not quantative
distribution of each species samples taken at regular intervals |
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Linnaeus
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Bionomial system
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Classification
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The organisation of living organisms into groups according to their shared simalarities
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Taxonomy
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the study of the principles behind classification
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Phylogeny
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the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms
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taxanomic heirachy
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Domain- Duncan
Kingdom- Knows Phylum- Peter Class- Can Order- Only Family-Fail Genus- General Species- Studies |
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Adaptation
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A feature of a living organism that increases it's chance of survival
FEATURES OF MARRAM GRASS |
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variation
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the differences between individuals (within a species)
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Continuous variation
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where ther is a full range of intermediate phenotypes between two extremes
Shoe size, weight |
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Discontinuous variation
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There are discrete groups of individuals with no or very few individuals in between.
Blood group, sex |
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Evolution
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Gradual process by which the present diversity of living organisms arose from simple primitive organisms that were present about 4000 million years ago
New species have arisen by natural selection The process of evolution works by selecting those that are better adapted to their environment |
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Darwin
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Proposed the theory of natural selection. i.e Darwin's Finches
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Natural selection
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is the 'selection' by the environment of particular individuals that show certain variations. These individuals will survive to reproduce and pass on their characteristics to the next generation
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Selection pressure
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An external pressure that drives evolution in a certain direction
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stabilising selection
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shark
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Directional selection
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peppered moth
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Speciation
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where one group of interbreeding organisms, produce another group that cannot interbreed with the first i.e a new species is formed
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Allopatric speciation
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DIFFERENT LAND
speciation occurs when populations occupy different environments. geographically isolated |
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Sympatric speciation
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SAME LAND
speciation occurs when populations are reproductively isolated within the same environment |
