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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell membrane |
Controls what enters and leaves the cell, e.g. O2, CO2, glucose |
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Nucleus |
Contains DNA, inside the cell |
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Cytoplasm |
Jelly-like substance that fills the cell, many reactions happen here |
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Mitochondria |
Powerhouse of the cell - respiration takes place here |
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Chloroplasts |
Inside plant cells, contain chlorophill |
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Plant Cell |
Contains the same things as a plant cell but also a cell wall, a vauole and chloroplasts |
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Animal Cell |
Contains a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria only |
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Cholorplasts |
Structure in the cell where photosynthesis takes place |
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Cellulose |
What the cell wall of a plant cell is made out of |
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Cell sap |
It is found in the vacuole and helps keep the plant cell rigid |
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Bacteria |
Cells which do not have a nucleus. Singular: bacterium |
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Plasmids |
Contain additional genes that are not found in chromosomes |
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Plasmid DNA |
Some bacteria contain extra circles of this DNA |
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Chromosomal DNA |
A single hoop of it is found in a bacterium's cytoplasm and contains most of it's genes |
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Flagellum |
A tail-like structure which helps bacteria move around |
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Light microscope |
A microscope which uses light to magnify objects, with the greatest magnification of x2000 |
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Electron microscope |
A microscope which uses electrons to see and object, with the greatest magification of x10 million |
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Magnification of Object |
magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective |
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Chromosome |
Consists of a string of genes |
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Gene |
A short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein |
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DNA |
Long, coiled molecule formed from two strands, twisted in a double helix |
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Adenine |
Pairs with Thymine |
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Thymine |
Pairs with Adenine |
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Cytosine |
Pairs with Guanine |
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Guanine |
Pairs with Cytosine |
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Complementary |
Pairs in which the bases are joined in DNA |
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Hydrogen Bonds |
Weak bonds between the base pairs which hold the DNA strands together |
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Wilkins and Franklin |
Studied the structure of DNA using X-rays |
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Franklin |
Studied X-ray photos of DNA to work out how the atoms were grouped |
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Watson and Crick |
Interpreted data from other scientists in study of DNA structure, Franklin's photos were the final clue to help them build double helix model |
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HGP |
Scientists who collaborated to decode the human genome
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Human genome |
The order of bases on all the human chromosomes |
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Genetic engineering |
When a gene from one organism is inserted into the DNA of another organism |
