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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is matter?
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Matter is Any substance that take up space and has mass
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What is an element?
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Substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by any chemical means.
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What is the four major element?
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1. Carbon
2. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen |
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What is Trace Element?
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1. Remaining 4% of elements in living things
2. Required for proper function in organisms. |
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What is a compound?
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Substance containing 2 or more elements
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What is compound made of?
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Atoms
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What is Atoms?
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Smallest unit of matter that will retain chemical property
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What are the Subatomic particles?
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1. Electrons- negative charge
2. Protons- Positive charge 3. Neutrons- Neutral charge (no charge) |
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What is the shape of an atom?
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1. Nucleus is in the center (protons and neutrons)
2. Electrons orbiting the nucleus |
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What makes the differences in the Elements?
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The Atomic Number
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What is matter?
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Matter is Any substance that take up space and has mass
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What is an element?
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Substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by any chemical means.
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What is the four major element?
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1. Carbon
2. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen |
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What is Trace Element?
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1. Remaining 4% of elements in living things
2. Required for proper function in organisms. |
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What is a compound?
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Substance containing 2 or more elements
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What is compound made of?
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Atoms
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What are atoms?
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Smallest unit of matter that will retain chemical property.
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What are the subatomic particles?
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1. Electrons- Negative charge
2. Protons- Positive charge 3. Neutrons- Neutral charge (no charge) |
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What is the shape of an atom?
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1. Nucleus at the center (protons and neutrons)
2. Electrons orbiting the nucleus |
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What makes the difference in elements?
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the Atomic Number
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What is the Atomic Number?
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The number of protons in a particular element
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What is the mass number?
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sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons
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What is another name for Mass Number?
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Atomic Mass
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Why do atomic Masses has decimals?
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Atomic Mass has decimal, because it is an average mass of an element.
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What do Protons determine?
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The element
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What do Neutrons determine?
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Isotopes
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What do electrons determine?
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How elements join together (bond together)
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What is an isotope?
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Isotope is an element with the same number of proton but different number of neutron. (The element with the same atomic number)
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What is Radioactivity?
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Breaking down or decay of an element which releases small bits of energy.
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What are the uses of radioactive isotopes?
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1. Basic Research
Chemical Pathways 2. Medical Diagnosis |
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What kind of charge are Normal Element
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Neutral Charge.
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What is another name for Electron shells?
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Energy levels
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How much electrons can the first shell holds? Second?
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1. first shell can hold 2
2. second shell can hold 8 |
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What is Chemical Bonds?
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Elements join together to fill their outer shell
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What is the outermost shell called?
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Valence shell
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What is the characteristics of the valence shell?
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1. Most energy
2. Wants the max number of electron |
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What is the valence number?
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Number of electrons needed to fill the outer shell
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What are the two major bonds?
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1. Ionic Bond
2. Covalent Bond |
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What is the Ionic bond?
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two ion with opposite charges attract each other and are held together.
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What is an example of an ionic bond?
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Na+ is positively charged, because there are more protons than electrons
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What is an ion?
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Atom that develops a charge by loosing or gaining an electron.
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What is a Covalent Bond?
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Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
(H–H single bond) (H=H double bond) |
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What is a Molecule?
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Two or more atom held together by a covalent bond.
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What is water held together by?
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Covalent Bond
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What kind of molecule is water? Why?
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Polar Molecule, because Oxygen is bigger (more electronegative) than hydrogen, therefore there is an unequal sharing of electron.
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What is an Nonpolar Molecule?
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Equal sharing of electron
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Why is Polar Molecule special?
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Polar Molecule has slight charges at the end.
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What kind of partial charge is Oxygen and Hydrogen in water?
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Oxygen is partially negative charge, and hydrogen is partially positive charge.
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What is the type of Hydrogen Bond?
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Molecular Bond
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What is the Unusual Properties of Water as the result of Hydrogen Bonding?
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1. Cohesion
2. Surface tension 3. High heat capacity 4. Density 5. Universal Solvent |
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What is Cohesion?
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The ability of molecule of the same substance to stick together
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What is Surface Tension?
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How difficult to break the surface or top portion of a liquid.
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What is High Heat Capacity?
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The ability to absorb/ give off energy without a major change in temperature.
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What is cohesion?
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The ability of molecule of the same substance to stick together
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What is surface tension?
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How difficult to break the surface or top portion of a liquid.
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What is High Heat Capacity?
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The ability to absorb/ give off energy without a major change in temperature.
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What is so special about water's density?
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the density of liquid water is greater than the density of solid water.
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What is a solvent?
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Dissolving agent (dissolver)
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What is a solute?
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Thing that dissolves (dissolvee)
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Why is water a versatile solvent?
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Versatility as a solvent results from polarity
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What is the charge for thing that doesn't dissolves in water?
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Nonpolar.
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Why is water important in the cell?
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The cell membrane contains something that's nonpolar, therefore it wouldn't dissolve with water.
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What is the rules of "Dissolving"?
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1. "Like dissolves like"
2. "Charged dissolved charged" 3. "Uncharged dissolved uncharged" |
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What is the pH Scale?
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Measurement of the acidity/ basicity of a substance.
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What is Acid?
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Presence/ concentration of H+ (H3O+)
Hydroniom Ion |
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What is Base?
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Presence/ concentration of OH-
Hydroxide Ion |
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What kind of scale is a pH scale? Give example.
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Logarithmic Scale
pH of 2 has 10 times as concentrated of H+ ion as something with the pH of 5. |
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What is a Buffer?
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Substance that resist changed in pH.
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What is Chemical Reactions?
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How elements or compound rearrange themselves to form new compounds. (chemical change)
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What is the most important thing about arrangement of atoms?
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Structure Denotes Function
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What is the right of the arrow in a chemical reaction? Left?
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Right of the arrow is the Reactants
Left of the arrow is the Product |
