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34 Cards in this Set

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Protein Roles

Transport large polar molecules, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

6 things

What can go through selectively permeable membrane?

Small non polar molecules

What are examples of things that enter selectively permeable membranes?

O² CO² steroids proteins

4 things

What acts as a buffer to selective permeability

Cholesterol

Role of cholesterol in plasma membrane

Hinders solid at cold


Hinders fluidity at hot

2 things

How does HIV infect a cell

CD4 and CCR5

2 things

What are cell surface proteins

"ID" checkers

What uses protein transporters?

Large polar molecules: Glucose, Amino acids, triglycerides

3 things

Aquaporins

Channels for water to pass through the membrane

Fluid Mosaic Model

The model, which was devised by SJ Singer and GL Nicolson in 1972, describes the cell membrane as a two-dimensional liquid that restricts the lateral diffusion of membrane components.

Who, when, what

Why are transmembrane proteins able to transport information?

Ambipathic: Has hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Where is the Cytoplasm and what does it consist of?

Interior of the cell (besides nucleus), Contains organelles. Jelly like consistency

Organelles

Compartments of the cell with different functions



Cell theory

1. all organisms are composed of cells and life processes occur within them.


2. Cells are the smallest living things


3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells

3 things

What are the 3 domains?

Eukaryote, Bacteria, archaea

3 things

Which Domain and kingdom are humans?

Eukaryote and Animal

What is the role of the nucleus?

Compartment for DNA

What is the nuclear envelope?

A highly regulated membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

segregation

How do things get transferred between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

nuclear pores: transition tubes for RNA, etc.

What do ribosomes do?

They make protein

What occurs in the nucleolus?

synthesis of ribosomes

Where can one find ribosomes?

Attached to the E.R. or floating in the cytoplasm

2 places



Where is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Attached to the outside of the nuclear membrane

So close but no acceptance

What is the function of SMOOTH E.R.?

Creates lipids and Carbs, alcohol detoxification, calcium storage

3 things

What does ROUGH E.R. do?

Contains attached ribosomes. Deals with protein folding and transport

Golgi Apparatus function

Transports specific proteins to get job done.

Phases of Golgi Apparatus

recieves info, processes, and sends

3 things

Lysosomes

Enzymes that hydrolyse to digest food, bacteria, etc.

What does mitochondria do?

Creates ATP so the cell has energy to perform functions

What do peroxisomes do?

Break down fatty acids and turns them into energy.


Also, detoxifies alcohol

2 things. Hydrogen peroxide is a biproduct of _______ ________

What is the cytoskeleton?

Structural support, organisation, and cell function support.

3 things

What are microtubules and where are they?

Within the cytoskeleton. Maintains cell shape. provides highway for organelles. Separates chromosones

Actin Filaments

Provide cell contraction so they can move

Cell walking

Intermediate Filaments

Responsible for structure and rigidity

ex: keratin