Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Type of plants that reproduce asexually |
Bulb-daffodils Runner-strawberry Tuber-potato |
|
|
benefits of asexual reproduction |
Only requires 1 parent and are genetically identical
They have the ability to produce in large quantities |
|
|
Sexual reproduction means |
Involves 2 parents or sex cells to reproduce |
|
|
Differences in sperm and egg |
Sperm=head(nucleus) +tail(swim) Egg(food store in cytoplasm)+nucleus |
|
|
Define fertilisation |
The nuclei of the sperm fuses with the nuclei of the egg to form a zygote |
|
|
How many chromosomes does each sex cell have |
23 |
|
|
How much cells does a zygote have |
46 |
|
|
What is internal fertilisation |
The sperm and egg meet internally |
|
|
Example of animal that uses internal fertilisation |
Dog, cat, human, MAMMALS |
|
|
Internal fertilisation is important to land animals bc? |
Sperm cells need a medium (fluid) to swim through to reach the egg |
|
|
What's external fertilisation |
When the sperm and egg meet out side the females body |
|
|
Example of animal that uses external fertilisation |
Frog, feeshee |
|
|
Many eggs and sperm are released in external fertilisation because |
More will survive (low survival rate and they get eaten or washed away easily) |
|
|
What can increase survival rate in external fertilisation |
Releasing sperm and eggs at the exact same time in the exact same place |
|
|
Where are eggs produced |
Ovaries |
|
|
Where are eggs released |
Oviduct |
|
|
Where does fertilisation take place |
Oviduct |
|
|
Where are sperm produced |
Testes |
|
|
Where is the male sex cell (plant) |
Pollen grain |
|
|
Where are female sex cells |
Ovule |
|
|
What does pollen that's landed on a stigma form |
Pollen tube |
|
|
Where does the pollen tube go to |
Ovary |
|
|
A series of changes that happens in an organism |
Life cycle |
|
|
What do all seeds contain |
Embryo, food store (starch), seed coat |
|
|
When does the plant use the food store |
When it grows (germinates) |
|
|
What does the seed coat prevent |
Damage by bacteria and fungi in soil |
|
|
What does successful germination require |
WATER (chemical reactions) OXYGEN(respiration and energy for growth) AND WARMTH(optimum temp for enzymes) |
|
|
What is germination |
When an embryo grows into a plant |
|
|
What happens when an enzyme has a temperature too high |
Denatured |
|
|
What are proteins for |
Growth and repair |
|
|
Carbs and type |
Pasta or rice fore energy |
|
|
Fats |
Energy and insulation for the body |
|
|
Vitamins and minerals |
Keep the body functioning properly |
|
|
Food groups |
Fats carbs proteins minerals and vitamins |
|
|
Asexual reproduction means |
Only one parent needed |
|
|
Clone means |
Genetically identical |
|
|
Sexual reproduction advantages |
Variation in offspring so better chance in survival and evolution Less competition for food |
|
|
Good things about asexual reproduction |
Doesn't rely on insects or wind to bring pollen Plant is fed by parent so it grows quicker If the environment suits the parent it will suit the plant too |
|
|
Artificial propagation |
Cuttings Layering |
|
|
Advantages of artificial propagation |
Clones, reproducing rare species easily, produces sterile variety |
|
|
What do humans use plants for (SPECIALISED) |
Scots pine tree for building Cotton for cloth Rape seed plant for oil |
|
|
COMMERCIAL uses for plants |
Medicines (anti cancer drugs) Foods (Chinese gooseberry) Alternative fuel (biofuel) |
|
|
Characteristics |
Genetics that offspring get from their parents |
|
|
Examples of genetics +phenotypes |
Height-tall/short Eye colour-Green, blue, brown etc |
|
|
What is discrete variation |
Differences from a distinct group (eg blood group) |
|
|
What is continuous variation |
Can be measured height or smth |
|
|
True breeding |
An organism crosses with another with the same genotype to make and offspring with the same |
|
|
Uniform means |
The same |
|
|
Environmental conditions |
Lifestyle |
|
|
Nervous system |
Brain spinal chord and nerves |
|
|
CNS |
Brain and spinal vhord |
|
|
Functional purpose of nervous system |
Detects a stimulus and coordinates a suitable response (rapidly) |
|
|
What happens when u cold |
Shiver hairs stand up pale (blood vessels constrict) |
|
|
When u hot |
Sweat red skin (blood vessels dilate) hairs flatten |
|
|
Homeostasis? |
Ways an organism keeps stable internally in an environment (blood sugar or temperature etc) |
|
|
Where is insulin released from |
Pancreas |
|
|
Advantages of polythene tunnel |
Will give the plant everything it needs (protection, co2, Moisture) |
|
|
Main source of energy for cells |
Glucose |
|
|
Storage form of glucose and location |
Glycogen and liver |
