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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do plants make their own food |
Photosynthesis |
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Word equation for photosynthesis |
Water+carbon dioxide+ light energy=glucose and oxygen |
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Raw materials for photosynthesis |
Carbon dioxide and water |
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Energy for photosynthesis |
Light energy |
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Food/gas that is made from photosynthesis |
Glucose +oxygen |
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What can be done to the glucose made by plant |
Be changed into starch and stored in the leaves |
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How to test for starch |
Boil leaf for 2-3 mins to break open cells, heat leaf in ethanol for 4-5 mins to remove chlorophyll, rinse in water, add iodine |
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What colour will the leaf go if starch is present |
Blue/black |
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What is chlorophyll |
A green pigment in plants which is in the chloroplasts |
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What can give out carbon dioxide? |
Humans or fire |
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What does chlorophyll do |
Traps the light from the sun |
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Apart from energy and raw materials, what else is needed for photosynthesis? |
Suitable temperature |
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A way to measure rate of photosynthesis? |
Bubbles (oxygen release) |
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Limiting factors for photosynthesis? |
Temp, light, carbon dioxide, water |
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Why are plants grown in poly tunnels |
Temp is raised and protected from wind and pests (this helps growth) |
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Why are plants grown in a green house? |
Increases temp and protects from pests and frost |
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Use of paraffin heater in greenhouse |
Increases temp and provides extra Co2 |
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Use of artificial lights in a greenhouse |
Provides extra warmth and light |
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Why would you not use heaters and additional lighting? |
Expensive so the plant growers might not profit enough |
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Why do we need food? |
Energy to keep our bodies functioning |
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What is the energy we make from food used for? |
Movement, growth and heat production |
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Food keeps us? |
Healthy |
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What type of energy is energy stored in food? |
Chemical |
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What does chemical energy change into when food is burned |
Heat energy |
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What are the units used to measure energy in food? |
Kilojoules |
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Types of people who might need to take in more energy everyday |
(Depending on age and size) soldiers, labourers, athletes |
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What happens if you take in more food than your body needs |
Gain too much weight because it will be stored as fat |
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What happens if you don't take in enough food |
You use your stored up fat and your body weight decreases (could lose too much weight) |
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How can we test how much energy is in food? |
Measure the heat it produces when burned (chemical) |
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Three main food groups |
Fats, proteins, carbs |
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What contains twice as much energy as carbs and proteins |
Fatty foods |
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What's respiration |
Chemical process in which Energy is released in cells |
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Food source that is the main soursce of energy for respiration |
Glucose |
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Where does respiration happen? |
All living cells |
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When does respiration happen? |
When we need energy (all the time) |
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What controls respiration |
Enzymes |
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Raw materials for respiration (with oxygen) |
Glucose+oxygen. |
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End products of respiration which are released from the cell (with oxygen) |
Carbon dioxide+water |
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Word equation for respiration with oxygen |
Glucose+oxygen=energy, carbon dioxide and water |
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Limiting factors in respiration |
Glucose CONCENTRATION and oxygenCONCENTRATION and temperature |
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What happens if a limiting factor is in short supply |
The rate will decrease |
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Raw material for respiration in yeast cells (without oxygen) |
Glucose |
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Products by yeast cell respiration without oxygen |
Carbon dioxide+ethanol (alcohol) |
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Another name for respiration in yeast |
Fermentation |
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Word equation for respiration without oxygen in yeast cell |
Glucose=ethanol+carbon dioxide +energy |
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Respiration without oxygen in animals builds up what in the muscles |
Lactic acid |
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Limiting factors for respiration in animals without oxygen |
Glucose, temp, oxygen |
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Raw material for respiration in animal cells without oxygen |
Glucose |
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Name of process for respiration in animal cells without oxygen |
Fermentation |
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Word equation for respiration in animal cells without oxygen |
Glucose=energy +lactic acid |
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What does lactic acid cause |
Burning pain and stops muscles from working properly |
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Pain from lactic acid in muscles |
Muscle fatigue |
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What is an enzyme? |
Biological catalyst (speeds up a chemical reaction) and helps us break down food to make energy |
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What happens if an enzyme gets too hot |
It gets denatured and stops working |
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When do enzymes work best |
Not too hot and not too cold (optimum temp) |
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Name of substance that goes with enzyme |
Substrate |
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Name given to describe an enzyme |
Specific (this is BC it has to be specific to join its substrate to function) |
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Why is an enzyme in a temp that's too cold bad |
The molecules move too slow so they can't join with its substrate |
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Why is it bad for an enzyme to be denatured |
When the enzyme is too hot it changes shape so then it won't fit with the substrate |
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Advantage of catalyst |
They can be used over and over bc they aren't used up during the reaction |
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What's bio short form |
Biological |
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What's non bio short for |
Non biological |
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What are bio enzymes in detergents similar to |
Enzymes we use to break down food |
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What can bio detergent break down |
Fatty stains (butter and lipstick) Protein stains (egg and blood) |
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Advantages of bio detergents |
Kind to delicate fabrics and saves money bc they need less hot water |
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Disadvantages in bio detergents |
Allergic reactions |
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Enzyme used in cheese |
Rennet |
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Where does rennet come from |
Stomach in young animals like calves or it can be genetically engineered from fungus |
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What are enzymes made from |
Protein |
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Each enzyme can only |
Break down one substance |
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Substrate of amylase |
Starch |
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What do bio detergents contain |
Fungus |
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Why is rennet used in cheese |
Separates the curds from the whey |
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Can enzymes break down and build up reactions |
Yes |
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Characteristics passed on genetically |
Eye colour, hair colour, diseases, face shape |
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What are chromosomes made from |
Long coiled molecules called DNA |
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What are chromosomes made from |
Long coiled molecules called DNA |
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How many chromosomes do we have in each cell and where do we get them |
46 (23 from each of our parents) |
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What is a chromosome |
2 long coiled molecules called DNA |
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What is a chromosome |
2 long coiled molecules called DNA |
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Where are chromosomes found (DNA) |
In the nucleus |
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What is a chromosome |
2 long coiled molecules called DNA |
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Where are chromosomes found (DNA) |
In the nucleus |
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What does DNA/chromosomes/nucleus contain |
Genetic info |
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What is a chromosome |
2 long coiled molecules called DNA |
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Where are chromosomes found (DNA) |
In the nucleus |
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What does DNA/chromosomes/nucleus contain |
Genetic info |
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What's a gene |
A section of DNA that carries the code for certain characteristics |
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Who aren't genetically unique |
Identical twins |
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Who aren't genetically unique |
Identical twins |
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Why are identical twins not genetically unique |
They come from the same fertilised egg |
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Who aren't genetically unique |
Identical twins |
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Why are identical twins not genetically unique |
They come from the same fertilised egg |
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A strand of DNA is called |
Double helix |
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Describe DNA |
Building blocks of life |
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Describe DNA |
Building blocks of life |
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Bases that are found in DNA |
GCAT |
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Describe DNA |
Building blocks of life |
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Bases that are found in DNA |
GCAT |
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What base joins with what |
G=C A=T |
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What's a haploid |
Single cell |
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What's a haploid |
Single cell |
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What's a diploid |
Double cell |
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What are the bases called |
Cytosine adenine guanine and thymine |
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What's genetic engineering |
Transferring genes from one organism into another |
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What's genetic engineering |
Transferring genes from one organism into another |
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How to make insulin |
Cut plasmid and cut gene for insulin, insert gene into plasmid ,put plasmid to agar and division happens |
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What's a stem cell |
A cell that has the potential to turn into anything |
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What's a stem cell |
A cell that has the potential to turn into anything |
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Where are stem cells found |
Embryo or bone marrow |
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What's a stem cell |
A cell that has the potential to turn into anything |
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Where are stem cells found |
Embryo or bone marrow |
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What can stem cells treat |
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ANY muscle thing or diabetes |
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3 main types of organisms |
Bacteria fungi virus |
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3 main types of organisms |
Bacteria fungi virus |
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Other word for micro organisms |
Microbe |
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Microbes dividing called |
Budding |
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Diseases caused by microbes |
Herpes aids flu virus |
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Word equation for yeast fermentation |
Sugar (and yeast)=energy+carbon dioxide+alcohol |
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Word equation for yoghurt |
Lactose sugar(and bacteria)=lactic acid |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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What is multi cellular and unicellular |
Multi more than one and uni just one (uni bacteria) |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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What is multi cellular and unicellular |
Multi more than one and uni just one (uni bacteria) |
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Part of cell in animals |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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What is multi cellular and unicellular |
Multi more than one and uni just one (uni bacteria) |
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Part of cell in animals |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus |
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Things in a plant cell |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus vacuole cell wall chloroplast |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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What is multi cellular and unicellular |
Multi more than one and uni just one (uni bacteria) |
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Part of cell in animals |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus |
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Things in a plant cell |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus vacuole cell wall chloroplast |
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What does the nucleus do |
Controls cell and genetic info |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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What is multi cellular and unicellular |
Multi more than one and uni just one (uni bacteria) |
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Part of cell in animals |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus |
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Things in a plant cell |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus vacuole cell wall chloroplast |
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What does the nucleus do |
Controls cell and genetic info |
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Cytoplasm |
Site of chemical reactions |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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What is multi cellular and unicellular |
Multi more than one and uni just one (uni bacteria) |
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Part of cell in animals |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus |
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Things in a plant cell |
Cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus vacuole cell wall chloroplast |
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What does the nucleus do |
Controls cell and genetic info |
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Cytoplasm |
Site of chemical reactions |
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Cell membrane |
Controls what materials exit or enter the cell |
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Cell wall |
Support and protection |
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Cell wall |
Support and protection |
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Chloroplast |
Site of photosynthesis |
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Cell wall |
Support and protection |
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Chloroplast |
Site of photosynthesis |
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Vacuole |
Stored cell sap |
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Why is cell division important |
Growth and repair |
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What can uncontrolled cell division cause |
Cancer |
