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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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taxonomy order |
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scientific process |
observation hypothesis experiment conclusion |
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Alleles |
Alternate versions of a gene |
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amino acids |
organic compounds that contain at least one amino group and a carboxyl group; building blocks of proteins
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binary fission |
type of asexual reproduction; parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells |
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chromosomes |
compact, rob-shaped bodies located within the nucleus of cell: contains DNA |
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codon |
three-base sequence of messenger RNA
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cytokinesis |
division of cytoplasm |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) |
a unique molecule specific to a particular organism; it contains the genetic code that is necessary for replication
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Electron Transport Chain |
series of steps in cellular respiration that produces water and ATP
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Glycolysis |
anaerobic breakdown of glucose; first stage in cell respiration
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Golgi Apparatus |
cell organelle that packages, processes, and distributes molecules about or from the cell
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Heterozygous |
trait in an organism that contains different alleles (Aa)
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Homozygous |
trait in an organism that contains identical alleles (AA or aa)
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Interphase |
stage of cell cycle during which growth and DNA synthesis occur
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Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs cycle) |
series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria during cellular respiration
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Meiosis |
type of nuclear division that takes place in the gonads. One diploid cell divides into four haploid cells so that the zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) |
type of RNA formed from a template of DNA; carries coded information to form proteins
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Metabolic pathway |
series of linked chemical reactions |
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Metaphase Plate |
disk formed during metaphase in which the chromosomes align on equatorial plane of the cell |
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Mitosis |
1 diploid cell divides into two identical diploid cells.
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
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Organelles |
cell "organs" |
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Phagocytosis |
process in which cells engulf food particles through the cell membrane
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Phospholipids |
phosphate- containing fat molecules; form the bilayer of a cell membrane |
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Photosynthesis |
chemical process that converts light energy to synthesize carbohydrates
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Punnet Square |
grid used to predict genotype and phenotype of the offspring of sexual reproduction
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) |
nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell; occurs in three forms: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA |
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Rough ER |
Section of the endoplasmic reticulum that is covered with ribosomes; responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production |
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Smooth ER |
section of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes, functions in detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules
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Steroids |
lipid that is a component of a cell membrane; many steroids are precursors to significant hormones |
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Stop codon |
sequence of bases that terminates translation during protein synthesis |
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Transcription |
process during protein synthesis in which the DNA molecule is used as template to form mRNA |
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Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
RNA involved in protein synthesis; transfers a specific amino acid to the ribosome and binds to mRNA |
