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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does carbon enter the biosphere?
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Through the action of plants, which use solar energy to transform CO2 into the molecules of life.
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What are the most common or abundant elements in living organisms?
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C-carbon
H-hydrogen O-oxygen N-nitrogen P-phosphorous S-sulfur |
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What is organic chemistry?
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The study of carbon compounds.
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What are organic compounds?
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Compounds containing carbon.
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What belief provided the foundation for the new discipline of organic chemistry?
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Vitalism, the belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws.
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What organic compound was successfully made from pure elements that helped disprove the belief of vitalism?
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Acetic Acid
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What did Stanley Miller's experiment set out to test?
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Whether complex organic molecules could spontaneously arise from the conditions thought to have existed on the early Earth.
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What is mechanism?
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The view that physical and chemical laws govern all natural phenomena, including the process of life.
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What four things were assume to be present in the Earth's early atmosphere in Miller's experiment?
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A mixture of hydrogen gas, methane, ammonia, and water vapor.
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What determines the kinds and number of bonds an atom will form with other atoms?
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Its electron configuration.
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What is tetravalence?
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For example in carbon it is how each atom acts as an intersection point from which a molecule can branch off in as many as four directions.
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What are hydrocarbons?
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Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
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Are carbon to hydrogen linkages polar or non-polar?
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non-polar
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What are some hydrocarbons whose carbon skeleton is arranged in a ring?
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Cyclohexane & Benzene
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What are isomers?
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Compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures.
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What are structural isomers?
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Isomers that differ in the covalent arrangements of theirs atoms. They may also differ in the location of double bonds.
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What are geometric isomers?
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Isomers that differ in arrangement about a double bond. Cis-same side Trans-opposite
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What are enantiomers?
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Isomers that are mirror images of each other. Usually one is biologically active and the other inactive.
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What was the name of the drug whose structure could become two enantiomers and cause severe birth defects or reduce morning sickness?
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Thalidomide
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What are the effective enantiomers for Ibuprofen and Albuterol?
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S-Ibuprofen
R-Albuterol |
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What is a functional group?
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Configuration of atoms that can affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions.
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What are the 7 most important chemical groups in biological processes?
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Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate and methyl groups.
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What is the organic molecule in ATP?
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Adenosine
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How can hair be permanently straightened or curled?
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By breaking the cysteine bonds of hair and then reforming them once the are in the desired shape.
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