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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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To study cells, biologists use ..... and the tools of ......
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microscopes, biochemistry
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........have catalyzed progress in the study of cell structure.
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improvements in microscopy
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Isolating organelles by.....
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cell fractionation
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Eukaryotic cells have ......
that compartmentalize their functions. |
internal membranes
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All cells are bounded by ........
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a plasma membrane
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Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack..... and other ........
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nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles
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The nucleus houses .......and
nucleoli |
DNA
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.......where ribosomal subunits are made
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nucleoli
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materials pass through ...... in the nuclear envelope.
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pores
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Free ribosomes in the .......and ........on the outside of the ER and the nuclear envelope synthesize proteins
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cytosol, bound ribosomes
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The eukaryotic cell's geneti instructions are housed in the ...... and carried out by the ........
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nucleus, ribosomes
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the endomembrane system regulates .......and performs ........in the cells.
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protein traffic, metabolic functions
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the membranes of the endomembrane system are connected by..... or tthrouh .......
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physical contnuity through transport vesicles
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the endoplasmic reticulum
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biosynthetic factory
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Smooth ER synthesizes....., metabolizes......, stores ......, detoxifies.......
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lipids, carbohydrates, calcium, poisons
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Rough ER has......and produces .....and ........
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bound ribosomes
proteins and membranes, which are distributed by transport vesicles from the ER |
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Shipping and Receiving center
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golgi apparatus
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Proteins are transported from the ......to the ....., where they are.....,.....,.... in transport vesicles
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ER, golgi
modified, sorted, and released |
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Digestive compartments
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lysosomes
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sacs of hydrolytic enzyemes
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lysosomes
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They .......... ingested substances and cell macromolecules for .......
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break down
recycling |
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A plant cell's central vacuole functions in ....., .....,......, ......, ......
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digestion, storage, waste disposal,cell growth, and protection
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chemical energy conversion
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mitochondria
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the sites of cellular respiration
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mittochondria
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Mitochondria have an .......and ......that is folded into ........
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outer membrane
inner membrane cristae |
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......... contain ........in photosynthesis
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chloroplast
pigments |
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two membranes surround the fluid......, which contains ......stacked into ......
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stroma
thylakoids grana |
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...........produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water.
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peroxisomes
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a network of fibers that organizes structures and activiteis in the cell
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cytoskeletons
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the cytoskeleton functions in ...........for the cell, .......and ..........
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structural support
motility siganl transmission |
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components of the cytoskeleton
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microtubules
microfilaments intermediate filaments |
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Microtubules ........., ........and ............
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shape the cell
guide movement of organelles help separate the chromosome copies in dividing cells |
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motile appendages containing microtuules
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cilia and flagella
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thin rods built from actin
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microfilaments
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microfilaments function in .........,.......,....... and......
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muscle contraction
amoeboid movement, cytoplasmic streaming support for microvilli |
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intermediate filaments .......and ........
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support cell shape and fix organelles in place
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..........and ......... between cells help coordinate cellular activitities
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extracellular components and connection
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plant cell walls are made of .......embedded in other polysaccharides and ......
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cellulose fibers
proteins |
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Animal cells secrete.......that form the ......, which functions in ......, adhesion,........and regulation
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glycoproteins
ECM support, adhesion, movement regulation |
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Plants have..........that pass through adjoining cell walls.
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plasmodesmata
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Animal cells have........,.......and......
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tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.
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A living unit .......than the sum of its parts
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greater
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