Biology (Plants)

Front 1

Embryophyte

Back 1

An offspring that gets nutrition from its mother through a placenta (or similar structure).

Front 2

Oogonium/ Archaegonium

Back 2

Structure to contain and protect egg (female gametophyte).

Oogonium becomes Archaegonium.

Front 3

Antheridium

Back 3

Structure that contains sperm (male gametophyte).

Front 4

Apical Meristem

Back 4

Tissue on sporophytes grow upwards.

Front 5

4 shared traits of land plants and charophyceans

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1. Rose-shaped protein complexes for cellulose synthesis.

2. Peroxisome enzymes

3. Structure of flagella (flaggelated sperm).

4. Formation of phragmoplast

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Phragmoplast

Back 6

Apparatus for organizing microtubules for cell division.

Front 7

Structure of flagella for plants and many charophyceans.

Back 7

Asymmetrical and layered

Front 8

Structure of flagella for plants and many charophyceans.

Back 8

Asymmetrical and layered

Front 9

Peroxisome enzymes

Back 9

Recovers products of photorespiration.

Front 10

Photorespiration

Back 10

Oxygen, not CO2, enters the Calvin Cycle and gets fixed into sugars.

Bad for plants.

Front 11

Chara/ Charophyceans

Back 11

Closest living relatives to plants with apical meristem.

Front 12

Basal Meristem

Back 12

Tissue on sporophytes grow from the bottom.

Only done by bryophytes.

Front 13

Genetic similarities between plants and cholorphycean

Back 13

Comparison of both nuclear and chloroplast genes.

Front 14

Shared Derived features of plants

Back 14

1. Alteration of Generations

2. Sporopollenin on cell walls

3. Multicellular Gametangia

4. Multicellular, dependent embryo

5. Waxy cuticle

Front 15

Alteration of Generations

Back 15

Done only in Sporic Meiosis.

2n Embryo

1n Gametophyte

2n Nucellus

Front 16

Sporopollenin

Back 16

Most decay resistant biopolymer known to man.

Water resistant

Trait that allowed plants to become terrestrial.

Front 17

Gametangia

Back 17

Multicellular gamete container (Achaegonium and antheridium).

Front 18

Gametangia

Back 18

Multicellular gamete container (Achaegonium and antheridium).

Front 19

Sporangium

Back 19

Spore Container

Front 20

Sporophyte/ gametophyte

Back 20

Gametophyte

Multicellular Haploid (1n)

Sporophyte

Multicellular Diploid (2n)

Front 21

3 Bryophyte Phylas

Back 21

1. Liverworts Hepatophyta

2. Hornworts Anthoceraphyta

3. Mosses Bryophyta

Front 22

Bryophytes

Back 22

-First plants (500mya)

-Gametophyte dominant

-Basal Meristem

-Sporopollenin on sperm

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Liverworts Hepatophyta (Bryophyte)

Back 23

-Lack a stoma

-Unable to close spores to prevent moisture from evaporating

Front 24

Hornworts Anthoceraphyta

(Bryophyte)

Back 24

Sporophytes have stomata

Front 25

Hornworts Anthoceraphyta

(Bryophyte)

Back 25

Sporophytes have stomata

Front 26

Sphagnum Mosses (Peat Mosses)

Back 26

Forms extensive deposits of partially decayed material known as peat.

Plays an important role in the Earths Carbon cycle.

Front 27

Hornworts Anthoceraphyta

(Bryophyte)

Back 27

Sporophytes have stomata

Front 28

Sphagnum Mosses (Peat Mosses)

Back 28

Forms extensive deposits of partially decayed material known as peat.

Plays an important role in the Earths Carbon cycle.

Front 29

True Mosses

Back 29

-Precursor to Vascular Tissue

- Cushiony, feathery growth pattern

-Elevated Seta

Front 30

Hornworts Anthoceraphyta

(Bryophyte)

Back 30

Sporophytes have stomata

Front 31

Sphagnum Mosses (Peat Mosses)

Back 31

Forms extensive deposits of partially decayed material known as peat.

Plays an important role in the Earths Carbon cycle.

Front 32

True Mosses

Back 32

-Precursor to Vascular Tissue

- Cushiony, feathery growth pattern

-Elevated Seta

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Seedless Vascular plants

Back 33

- 420mya

- Form first forests - fossil fuels

- Sporophyte dominant

Ex. Ferns, Club mosses, Spike mosses, whisk mosses(Pteridophyta)

Front 34

Xylem

Back 34

Made of lignin

Transports water

Front 35

Xylem

Back 35

Made of lignin

Transports water

Front 36

Phloem

Back 36

Roots

Distribute sugars and other organic material.

Front 37

Xylem

Back 37

Made of lignin

Transports water

Front 38

Phloem

Back 38

Roots

Distribute sugars and other organic material.

Front 39

Lignin

Back 39

Wood (Xylem)

- Decay resistant

- Waterproof

- Stiff

- Thicker walls

Front 40

Microphylls/ Macrophylls

Back 40

Microphylls- leaves with a single vein (smaller).

Macrophylls- leaves with a highly branched vascular system.

Front 41

Sporophylls

Back 41

Modified leaves with sporangia.

Front 42

Carniferous Forests

Back 42

Made of giant ferns (Seedless Vascular)

Fossil Fuels

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Carniferous Forests

Back 43

Made of giant ferns (Seedless Vascular)

Fossil Fuels

Front 44

Microsporangia/ Macrosporangia

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Microsporangia- Pollen producing (Male gametophytes)

Macrosporangia- Oluvate producing (Female gametophyte)

Seperate cones, same plants.

Front 45

Gymnosperm Phylas

Back 45

- Coniferophyta (Conifers)

- Most Common

- Cycadophyta

- Ginkgophyta

- Gnetophyta

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Gymnosperm

Back 46

- Seed without fruits or flowers

- Flaggelated Sperm

Front 47

Angiosperm

Back 47

- 120mya

- Dominant by 90mya

- 250,000 known species

- Has fruits/ flowers

- ovaries that contain ovules

Front 48

Fruits and Flowers

Back 48

Structure to protect seeds and allow for easier dispersion to new locations.

Front 49

4 whirls of a flower

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1. Sepals (Collectively called Calyx)

2. Pedals (Collectively called Carolla)

3. Anther/ Stamen/ Androecium (House of Man)

4. Carpel/ Pistil/ Gymnoecium (House of Women)

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Plant

Back 50

A multicellular, photosynthetic organism that is adapted to life on land.

Front 51

2 tissue of plants

Back 51

Xylem and phloem