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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systematics |
The study and classification of organisms with the goal of reconstructing their evolutionary history and relationships |
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Phylogeny |
The development or evolution of a particular group of organisms |
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Derived |
To trace from a source or origin |
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Cladistics |
Classification of organisms based on the branches are branching's of descendent lineages from a common common ancestor |
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Character states |
Particular versions of the character or organism |
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Outgroup |
Species or group of species closely related to but not be included in the in a taxon |
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Cladogram |
A branching diagram depicting the successive points of species divergence from common ancestor lines without regard to the group the group the degree of deviation |
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Homoplasy |
Correspondence informal structure owing to a similar environment |
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Principal of Parisomy |
The scientific principle that things are usually connected or behave in the simplest most economical way especially with reference to alternate evolutionary pathways |
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Molecular clock |
The average rate at which a species genome accumulates mutations used to measure their evolutionary divergence and and other calculations |
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Classification |
The action or process of classifying something according to share the qualities of characteristics |
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Monophyletic |
A group of organisms descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group especially one not shared with any other groups |
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Paraphyletic |
Doesn't include all the descendants of a single common ancestor |
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Polyphyletic |
Derived from more than one common evolutionary ancestor ancestral group |
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Phylogenetic species concept |
The concept of a species as in irreducible group whose members are descended from a common ancestor and who all possess a combination of certain defining traits |
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Species richness |
The number of different species represented at ecological community |
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Genome |
The haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or micro organism or in each cell of a multicellular organism |
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Polyploidy |
Contains more than two paired Homologous sets of chromosomes |
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Transposons |
A segment of DNA that is capable of moving into a new position within the same or another chromosome or plasmid |
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Aneuploidy |
The state of having a chromosome number that is not a multiple of the haploid number |
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Pseudogenes |
A section of a chromosome that is an imperfect copy of a functional gene |
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Vertical gene transfer |
The transmission of genes from a parental generation to offspring via sexual and asexual reproduction |
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Horizontal gene transfer |
The transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other that if a traditional reproduction |
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Endosymbiotic |
Symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other |
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Transcription |
The process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA with the aid of RNA polymerase |
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Morphology |
The biological study of the form and structure of living things |
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Heterochrony |
A genetic drift in timing of a development of a tissue or anatomical part, or in the onset of a physiological process, relative to an ancestor |
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Direct development |
A newborn is born or emerges from an egg as a miniature version of the adult |
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Indirect development |
Biological development accompanied by a metamorphosis |
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Homeosis |
The replacement of part one segment of an insect or other segmented animal by a structure characteristic of a different segment from different lineages |
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Homoplastic convergence |
Similar biological trait by species from different lineages |
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Radially symmetrical |
A basic body plan in which the organism can be divided into similar halved by passing a plan at any above along a central axis |
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Radially symmetrical |
A basic body plan in which the organism can be divided into similar halved by passing a plan at any above along a central axis |
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Bilateral symmetrical |
Left and right sides of an organism can be divided to produce a mirror images |
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Pax6 |
A transcription factor present during embryonic development. A protein in humans encoded by a Pax6 gene |
