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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Land Plants
1.	Made landfall 500 million years ago

2.	290,000 different species

3.	Source of food & oxygen for animals
1. Made landfall 500 million years ago

2. 290,000 different species

3. Source of food & oxygen for animals
Morphological Similarities of Eloved Green Algae
1.	Multicellular eukaryotes

2.  Photosynthetic autotrophs		

3.  Chloroplasts with chlorophyll a & b

4.  Cell walls made of cellulose
1. Multicellular eukaryotes

2. Photosynthetic autotrophs

3. Chloroplasts with chlorophyll a & b

4. Cell walls made of cellulose
Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae:
Rosette-shaped cellulose
synthesizing complexes

#Uniquely shaped cell wall builders
Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae:
Peroxisome enzymes
Enzymes that prevent loss of organic products as a result of photorespiration
Enzymes that prevent loss of organic products as a result of photorespiration
Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae:
Flagellated sperm
Swimming sperm fertilization
Swimming sperm fertilization
Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae: Formation of the phragmoplast
a.	Involved in forming the cell plate during mitosis
a. Involved in forming the cell plate during mitosis
Terrestrial
1. Overcame dehydration

2.  Overcame unfiltered sunlight
		
3.  Benefitted from abundance of CO2
		
4. Benefitted from mineral-rich soil
		
5. Benefitted from scarcity of herbivores and pathogens
1. Overcame dehydration

2. Overcame unfiltered sunlight

3. Benefitted from abundance of CO2

4. Benefitted from mineral-rich soil

5. Benefitted from scarcity of herbivores and pathogens
Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae 1
Alternation of Generations
Alternation of Generations
Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae 2
Walled spores produced in sporangium
Walled spores produced in sporangium
Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Multicellular gametangia
a.	Archegonia (Female) & Antheridia (Male)
a. Archegonia (Female) & Antheridia (Male)
Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Apical meristems
Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots
Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots
Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :

Cuticle
waxy outer covering of plants that prevents desiccation by waterproofing the plant.
waxy outer covering of plants that prevents desiccation by waterproofing the plant.
Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :

Phenolics
protect against pathogenic microbes
protect against pathogenic microbes
Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :

Alkaloids, terpenes, tannins
bitter taste, strong odor, toxic effects to deter herbivores and parasites.
bitter taste, strong odor, toxic effects to deter herbivores and parasites.
Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :

Flavonoids
absorb harmful UV radiation
absorb harmful UV radiation
Origin and Diversification of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Part 1
1.  Fossil evidence dates back to 475 million years ago (spores)
		
2. Ten phyla of extant plants for classification
		
3. Classification based on presence of vascular tissue (xylem & phloem)
1. Fossil evidence dates back to 475 million years ago (spores)

2. Ten phyla of extant plants for classification

3. Classification based on presence of vascular tissue (xylem & phloem)
Origin and Diversification of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Part 2
4.  Non-vascular plants: make up 7% of all plant species
			-Bryophytes, liverworts, mosses
		
5.  Vascular plants: makeup up 93% of all plant species
			-Ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
4. Non-vascular plants: make up 7% of all plant species
-Bryophytes, liverworts, mosses

5. Vascular plants: makeup up 93% of all plant species
-Ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
Origin and Diversification of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :
Classification based on seeds:
a)  lycophytes: (club mosses) - seedless
			
b)  pterophytes (ferns) - seedless

c)  gymnosperms (pines) – naked seeds (not produced with fruit or flower around)
			
d)  angiosperms (flowering plants) - seeds
a) lycophytes: (club mosses) - seedless

b) pterophytes (ferns) - seedless

c) gymnosperms (pines) – naked seeds (not produced with fruit or flower around)

d) angiosperms (flowering plants) - seeds
Alternation of Generations of Non-Vascular Plants
when life cycles alternate between two multi-  cellular bodies with each generation producing the other
when life cycles alternate between two multi- cellular bodies with each generation producing the other
Gametophyte
stage in which haploid (n) gametes are produced by mitosis
stage in which haploid (n) gametes are produced by mitosis
Sporophyte
stage in which haploid (n) spores are produced by meiosis
stage in which haploid (n) spores are produced by meiosis
Bryophyte Life Cycle
1.	Seedless, non-vascular plants
2.	Sperm require water for fertilization
3.	Habitat is limited to damp areas
4.	Gametophyte generation is dominant
5.	Examples: liverworts, hornworts, mosses
1. Seedless, non-vascular plants
2. Sperm require water for fertilization
3. Habitat is limited to damp areas
4. Gametophyte generation is dominant
5. Examples: liverworts, hornworts, mosses
Bryophyte Life Cycle:

archegonia
Reproductive structures 
that produce eggs (female)
Reproductive structures
that produce eggs (female)
Bryophyte Life Cycle:

antheridia
Reproductive structures that produce sperm (male)
Reproductive structures that produce sperm (male)
Bryophyte Life Cycle:

sporangia
reproductive structures that produce spores
reproductive structures that produce spores
Importance of Mosses of Non-Vascular Plants
Significant part of any ecosystem by providing shelter and protection to small animals
Significant part of any ecosystem by providing shelter and protection to small animals
Importance of Mosses of Non-Vascular Plants

Sources of peat moss:
a. CO2

b. Soil conditioner
			
c. Fuel
a. CO2

b. Soil conditioner

c. Fuel
Fern Life Cycle
1. Seedless vascular plant
		
2. Sperm require water for fertilization
		
3. Habitat is limited to damp areas
		
4. Sporophyte generation is dominant
1. Seedless vascular plant

2. Sperm require water for fertilization

3. Habitat is limited to damp areas

4. Sporophyte generation is dominant
Importance of Ferns from Development of vascular tissue:

Xylem
transports water from roots to leaves
transports water from roots to leaves
Importance of Ferns from Development of vascular tissue:

Phloem
transports nutrients from leaves to roots
transports nutrients from leaves to roots
Importance of Ferns
1.  Development of vascular tissue

2. Development of roots and leaves
		
3. Development of sporophylls (leaves that bear sporangia)
		
4. Increase in rate of photosynthesis:
			a) Increased removal of CO2
			b) Increased release of O2
		...
1. Development of vascular tissue

2. Development of roots and leaves

3. Development of sporophylls (leaves that bear sporangia)

4. Increase in rate of photosynthesis:
a) Increased removal of CO2
b) Increased release of O2

5. Production of fossil fuels (coal, shale, etc.)