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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Land Plants
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1. Made landfall 500 million years ago
2. 290,000 different species 3. Source of food & oxygen for animals |
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Morphological Similarities of Eloved Green Algae
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1. Multicellular eukaryotes
2. Photosynthetic autotrophs 3. Chloroplasts with chlorophyll a & b 4. Cell walls made of cellulose |
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Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae:
Rosette-shaped cellulose |
synthesizing complexes
#Uniquely shaped cell wall builders |
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Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae:
Peroxisome enzymes |
Enzymes that prevent loss of organic products as a result of photorespiration
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Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae:
Flagellated sperm |
Swimming sperm fertilization
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Biochemical Similarities Of Eloved Green Algae: Formation of the phragmoplast
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a. Involved in forming the cell plate during mitosis
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Terrestrial
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1. Overcame dehydration
2. Overcame unfiltered sunlight 3. Benefitted from abundance of CO2 4. Benefitted from mineral-rich soil 5. Benefitted from scarcity of herbivores and pathogens |
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Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae 1
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Alternation of Generations
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Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae 2
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Walled spores produced in sporangium
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Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Multicellular gametangia
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a. Archegonia (Female) & Antheridia (Male)
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Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Apical meristems
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Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots
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Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :
Cuticle |
waxy outer covering of plants that prevents desiccation by waterproofing the plant.
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Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :
Phenolics |
protect against pathogenic microbes
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Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :
Alkaloids, terpenes, tannins |
bitter taste, strong odor, toxic effects to deter herbivores and parasites.
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Other Derived Traits of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :
Flavonoids |
absorb harmful UV radiation
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Origin and Diversification of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Part 1
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1. Fossil evidence dates back to 475 million years ago (spores)
2. Ten phyla of extant plants for classification 3. Classification based on presence of vascular tissue (xylem & phloem) |
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Origin and Diversification of Plants from Eloved Green Algae : Part 2
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4. Non-vascular plants: make up 7% of all plant species
-Bryophytes, liverworts, mosses 5. Vascular plants: makeup up 93% of all plant species -Ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms |
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Origin and Diversification of Plants from Eloved Green Algae :
Classification based on seeds: |
a) lycophytes: (club mosses) - seedless
b) pterophytes (ferns) - seedless c) gymnosperms (pines) – naked seeds (not produced with fruit or flower around) d) angiosperms (flowering plants) - seeds |
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Alternation of Generations of Non-Vascular Plants
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when life cycles alternate between two multi- cellular bodies with each generation producing the other
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Gametophyte
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stage in which haploid (n) gametes are produced by mitosis
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Sporophyte
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stage in which haploid (n) spores are produced by meiosis
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Bryophyte Life Cycle
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1. Seedless, non-vascular plants
2. Sperm require water for fertilization 3. Habitat is limited to damp areas 4. Gametophyte generation is dominant 5. Examples: liverworts, hornworts, mosses |
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Bryophyte Life Cycle:
archegonia |
Reproductive structures
that produce eggs (female) |
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Bryophyte Life Cycle:
antheridia |
Reproductive structures that produce sperm (male)
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Bryophyte Life Cycle:
sporangia |
reproductive structures that produce spores
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Importance of Mosses of Non-Vascular Plants
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Significant part of any ecosystem by providing shelter and protection to small animals
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Importance of Mosses of Non-Vascular Plants
Sources of peat moss: |
a. CO2
b. Soil conditioner c. Fuel |
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Fern Life Cycle
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1. Seedless vascular plant
2. Sperm require water for fertilization 3. Habitat is limited to damp areas 4. Sporophyte generation is dominant |
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Importance of Ferns from Development of vascular tissue:
Xylem |
transports water from roots to leaves
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Importance of Ferns from Development of vascular tissue:
Phloem |
transports nutrients from leaves to roots
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Importance of Ferns
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1. Development of vascular tissue
2. Development of roots and leaves 3. Development of sporophylls (leaves that bear sporangia) 4. Increase in rate of photosynthesis: a) Increased removal of CO2 b) Increased release of O2 5. Production of fossil fuels (coal, shale, etc.) |