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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Protists
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- Formerly classified in the Kingdom Protista
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General Characteristics of Protists
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1) Mostly unicellular – some colonial, some multicellular
2) Simple Eukaryotes – yet show complexity at cellular level 3) Mostly aquatic |
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Trophic Diversity of Protists
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1)Autotrophs: self-feeders (producers)
2) Heterotrophs: other feeders (consumers) 3) Mixotrophs: both auto/heterotrophs |
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Ecological Diversity of Protists
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) Autotrophs: plant-like (algae)
2) Heterotrophs: animal-like (protozoans) 3) Decomposers: fungus-like |
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Reproductive Diversity of Protists
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1)Asexual – one protest by binary fission
2) Sexual – two protists |
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Endosymbiosis
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process in which a unicellular organism (host) engulfs another cell, which lives inside the host cell, ultimately becoming an organelle
1) Mitochondrion cells → heterotrophs 2) Chloroplast cells → autotrophs |
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Supergroups Protists
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1) Excavates
2) Chromalveolates 3) Rhizarians 4) Unikonts 5) Archaeplastids |
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Excavates
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a) Excavated groove on one side of the body
b) Flagella c) Predatory, parasitic, and photosynthetic |
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diplomonads – Giardia
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i) Intestinal parasite in mammals that can cause severe diarrhea by way of contaminated drinking water
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euglenozoans - Trypanosoma
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i) Transported by the tsetse fly, responsible for the fatal sleeping sickness
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parabasilids - Trichomonas
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Species – vaginalis; feeds on epithelial cells of the vagina and male eurethra, causing infections
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Chromalveolates
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a) Photosynthetically important group
b) Includes diatoms and kelp c) Also includes pathogens |
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Paramecium
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ciliated protists
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Dinoflagellates
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Gymnodinium breve – responsible for red tides
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Apicomplexans – Plasmodium
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with the mosquito Anopheles, responsible for malaria in humans
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Stramenopiles -ditoms
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(cell wall made of silica)
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Stramenopiles – chrysophyta
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golden-brown algae
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Stramenopiles – phaeophyta
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brown kelp
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Rhizarians
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a) Consists of species of amoeba, most of which have thread-like pseudopodia
b) Some enclosed in a porous shell or test c) Some possess an internal skeletal system d) Inhabit both marine and freshwater habitats e) Example: forams – Globigerina |
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Globigerina
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i) An amoeba with thread-like pseudopodia radiating from a central body through a porous shell
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Test
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multi-chambered, hardened, porous shell; symbiotic relationship with algae occurs in test
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radiolarians
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i) An amoeba with thread-like pseudopodia radiating from a central body through a porous shell
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Unikonts
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a) Consists of species of amoeba, most of which have lobe-like pseudopodia
b) Also includes fungi and animals |
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Amoebozoans
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i) An amoeba with lobe-like pseudopodia, generally no shell
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plasmodium (slime mold)
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i) Single mass of undivided cytoplasm with multiple nuclei
ii) Plasmodium life cycle |
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Archaeplastids
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a) Occurs in unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms
b) Includes red and green algae as well as terrestrial plants c) Over a billion years ago, a cyanobacterium was incorporated into a host that gave rise to red and green algae |
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red algae
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i) Color due to the pigment phycoerythrin which masks the pigment chlorophyll
ii) The pigment is related to the depth of water (green in shallows, red at greater depths) iii) Most abundant in warm coastal waters and tropical oceans iv) Most are multicellular, the largest being seaweeds |
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green algae
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i. Color due to the pigment chlorophyll
ii. Found in marine and freshwater habitats – even found in snow iii. Occur symbiotically with other organisms as in lichens (fungi + algae) iv. Range in size from unicellular to multicellular with differentiation v. Possible ancestors to terrestrial plants vi. Key component to the food chain |