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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Protists
- Formerly classified in the Kingdom Protista
General Characteristics of Protists
1) Mostly unicellular – some colonial, some multicellular
2) Simple Eukaryotes – yet show complexity at cellular level
3) Mostly aquatic
Trophic Diversity of Protists
1)Autotrophs: self-feeders (producers)

2) Heterotrophs: other feeders (consumers)

3) Mixotrophs: both auto/heterotrophs
Ecological Diversity of Protists
)  Autotrophs: plant-like (algae)
		
2)  Heterotrophs: animal-like (protozoans)
		
3)  Decomposers: fungus-like
) Autotrophs: plant-like (algae)

2) Heterotrophs: animal-like (protozoans)

3) Decomposers: fungus-like
Reproductive Diversity of Protists
1)Asexual – one protest by binary fission
		
2)  Sexual – two protists
1)Asexual – one protest by binary fission

2) Sexual – two protists
Endosymbiosis
process in which a unicellular organism (host) engulfs another cell, which lives inside the host cell, ultimately becoming an organelle
		
1)  Mitochondrion cells → heterotrophs 
		
2)  Chloroplast cells → autotrophs
process in which a unicellular organism (host) engulfs another cell, which lives inside the host cell, ultimately becoming an organelle

1) Mitochondrion cells → heterotrophs

2) Chloroplast cells → autotrophs
Supergroups Protists
1)  Excavates
		
2)  Chromalveolates
		
3)  Rhizarians
		
4)  Unikonts 
		
5)  Archaeplastids
1) Excavates

2) Chromalveolates

3) Rhizarians

4) Unikonts

5) Archaeplastids
Excavates
a) Excavated groove on one side of the body

b) Flagella

c) Predatory, parasitic, and photosynthetic
diplomonads – Giardia
i)	Intestinal parasite in mammals that can cause severe diarrhea by way of contaminated drinking water
i) Intestinal parasite in mammals that can cause severe diarrhea by way of contaminated drinking water
euglenozoans - Trypanosoma
i) Transported by the tsetse fly, responsible for the fatal sleeping sickness
parabasilids - Trichomonas
Species – vaginalis; feeds on epithelial cells of the vagina and male eurethra, causing infections
Species – vaginalis; feeds on epithelial cells of the vagina and male eurethra, causing infections
Chromalveolates
a)	Photosynthetically important group

b)	Includes diatoms and kelp

c)	Also includes pathogens
a) Photosynthetically important group

b) Includes diatoms and kelp

c) Also includes pathogens
Paramecium
ciliated protists
ciliated protists
Dinoflagellates
Gymnodinium breve – responsible for red tides
Gymnodinium breve – responsible for red tides
Apicomplexans – Plasmodium
with the mosquito Anopheles, responsible for malaria in humans
with the mosquito Anopheles, responsible for malaria in humans
Stramenopiles -ditoms
(cell wall made of silica)
(cell wall made of silica)
Stramenopiles – chrysophyta
golden-brown algae
golden-brown algae
Stramenopiles – phaeophyta
brown kelp
brown kelp
Rhizarians
a) Consists of species of amoeba, most of which have thread-like pseudopodia

b) Some enclosed in a porous shell or test

c) Some possess an internal skeletal system

d) Inhabit both marine and freshwater habitats

e) Example: forams – Globigerina
Globigerina
i)	An amoeba with thread-like pseudopodia radiating from a central body through a porous shell
i) An amoeba with thread-like pseudopodia radiating from a central body through a porous shell
Test
multi-chambered, hardened, porous shell; symbiotic relationship with algae occurs in test
radiolarians
i)	An amoeba with thread-like pseudopodia radiating from a central body through a porous shell
i) An amoeba with thread-like pseudopodia radiating from a central body through a porous shell
Unikonts
a)	Consists of species of amoeba, most of which have lobe-like pseudopodia
b)	Also includes fungi and animals
a) Consists of species of amoeba, most of which have lobe-like pseudopodia
b) Also includes fungi and animals
Amoebozoans
i) An amoeba with lobe-like pseudopodia, generally no shell
i) An amoeba with lobe-like pseudopodia, generally no shell
plasmodium (slime mold)
i) Single mass of undivided cytoplasm with multiple nuclei
				
ii)  Plasmodium life cycle
i) Single mass of undivided cytoplasm with multiple nuclei

ii) Plasmodium life cycle
Archaeplastids
a) Occurs in unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms

b) Includes red and green algae as well as terrestrial plants

c) Over a billion years ago, a cyanobacterium was incorporated into a host that gave rise to red and green algae
red algae
i)	Color due to the pigment phycoerythrin which masks the pigment chlorophyll

ii)	The pigment is related to the depth of water (green in shallows, red at greater depths)

iii)	Most abundant in warm coastal waters and tropical oceans


iv)	...
i) Color due to the pigment phycoerythrin which masks the pigment chlorophyll

ii) The pigment is related to the depth of water (green in shallows, red at greater depths)

iii) Most abundant in warm coastal waters and tropical oceans


iv) Most are multicellular, the largest being seaweeds
green algae
i.	Color due to the pigment chlorophyll 

ii.	Found in marine and freshwater habitats – even found in snow

iii.	Occur symbiotically with other organisms as in lichens (fungi + algae)

iv.	Range in size from unicellular to multicellular wi...
i. Color due to the pigment chlorophyll

ii. Found in marine and freshwater habitats – even found in snow

iii. Occur symbiotically with other organisms as in lichens (fungi + algae)

iv. Range in size from unicellular to multicellular with differentiation

v. Possible ancestors to terrestrial plants

vi. Key component to the food chain