Biology

Front 1

Differentiation

Back 1

When a cell changes and develops to become specialised to perform a specific function

Hint 1

Use the term specialises

Front 2

Stem cell

Back 2

Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become different cell types

Hint 2

Can be uni potent, pluripotent of totipotent

Front 3

Totipotent

Back 3

Up to stage 8 embryonic cells

Can differentiate into any kind of cell

Front 4

Pluripotent

Back 4

Inner cells of a blastocyst and umbilical cord cells

Can differentiate into most types of cells but not all

Front 5

Unipotent

Back 5

Found in bone marrow and can only differentiate into 1 kind of cell

Front 6

Binary fission

Back 6

Bacteria replication

Not mitosis and nucleus isn't being replicated

Front 7

Budding

Back 7

Form of mitosis

Bulge develops, DNA moves into bulge and then the bulge pinches off

Hint 7

Mitosis

DON'T use the word bud

Front 8

Vegetative propagation

Back 8

Parent cells produce unspecialised cells that differentiate into a new plant

A clone of the original

Front 9

Homologous pair of chromosomes

Back 9

1 maternal chromosome and 1 paternal chromosome

Genes are the same and are at the same loci but have different alleles

Pair up during meiosis

Front 10

Erythrocyte

Back 10

Red blood cells

Front 11

Neutrophils

Back 11

White blood cells

Front 12

Meiosis

Back 12

Production of a haploid games to form a diploid zygote when 2 gametes meet

Front 13

Bordered pits

Back 13

Allow water to pass into adjacent vessels in the xylem

Front 14

Plasmodesmata

Back 14

Gaps between cells and sieve tubes

Front 15

Tissue

Back 15

A collection of similar cells working together to perform a particular function

Front 16

Organ

Back 16

A collection of tissues working together to perform a particular function

Front 17

Organ system

Back 17

Multiple organs working together to perform a particular function

Front 18

Standard deciation

Back 18

Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean

Front 19

Standard deciation

Back 19

Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean

Front 20

Limitation 1

Back 20

Checking every 30 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings

Front 21

Standard deciation

Back 21

Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean

Front 22

Limitation 1

Back 22

Checking every 30 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings

Front 23

Limitation 2

Back 23

Temperature is not constant- could effect results by giving enzyme too little energy so the reaction doesn't occur as fast as expected or too hot so the enzymes denatures

Front 24

Standard deciation

Back 24

Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean

Front 25

Limitation 1

Back 25

Checking every 30 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings

Front 26

Limitation 2

Back 26

Temperature is not constant- could effect results by giving enzyme too little energy so the reaction doesn't occur as fast as expected or too hot so the enzymes denatures

Front 27

Limitation 3

Back 27

When the reaction has stopped is subjective, people will have different ideas of when it has finished so different results will be obtained which lowers accuracy

Front 28

Standard deviation

Back 28

Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean

Front 29

Limitation 1

Back 29

Checking every 5 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings

Front 30

Limitation 2

Back 30

Temperature of hand is not constant- could effect results by giving enzyme too little energy so the reaction doesn't occur as fast as expected or too hot so the enzymes denatures

Front 31

Limitation 3

Back 31

When the reaction has stopped is subjective, people will have different ideas of when it has finished so different results will be obtained which lowers accuracy

Front 32

Solution 1

Back 32

Constantly watch the reaction and have another person press the timer when you believe it has stopped

Front 33

Solution 2

Back 33

Use a thermostatically controlled water bath

Front 34

Solution 2

Back 34

Use a thermostatically controlled water bath to keep the reaction warm

Front 35

Solution 3

Back 35

Use w magnetic stirrer and measure the time it takes for the stirrer to stop stirring

Front 36

Milk and calcium ions

Back 36

There are already calcium ions in milk-use the same milk to improve validity

Front 37

Milk and calcium ions

Back 37

There are already calcium ions in milk-use the same milk to improve validity

Front 38

Proteins

Back 38

Both the enzymes and substrate are proteins

Front 39

Calcium ions

Back 39

Are inorganic ion cofactors

Front 40

mRNA

Back 40

Copied from the DNA (transcription) tRNA attaches to mRNA the Ribosomes and forms a protein chain (translation)