Biology

Front 1

Ecology

Back 1

The study of interactions between organisms and their environments

Front 2

abiotic

Back 2

non living components of the environment; sunlight, temperature, water levels

Front 3

biotic

Back 3

living components of the environment

Front 4

organismal ecology

Back 4

evolutionary adaptations that enable individual organisms to survive within certain sets of abiotic conditions; one lizard

Front 5

population ecology

Back 5

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area; flock of penguins

Front 6

community ecology

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assemblage of the different populations living in the same geographic area; zebra, lion and vulcher

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ecosystem ecology

Back 7

includes community plus the abiotic factors; energy flow

Front 8

lakes and ponds

Back 8

organisms distributed by depth of water and distance from shore

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rivers and streams

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near source water is cold clear and fast. at downstream water is warm murky and slow

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wetland

Back 10

transitional biome between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

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estuary

Back 11

transition area between a river and the ocean

Front 12

photic zone

Back 12

upper most layer of lake

Front 13

aphotic zone

Back 13

directly below the photic zone

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benthic realm

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lake floor, bottom layer

Front 15

tropical rainforest

Back 15

little temperature difference between summer and winter, year round rainfall

Front 16

tropical dry forest

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variable rainfall, pronounced wet and dry season

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savanna

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dry tropical region, mostly grasses and scattered trees

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desert

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driest biome, receives little to no precipitation

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chaparral

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mostly evergreen shrubs, climate influenced by the ocean

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temperate grassland

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west of great lakes

Front 21

temperate broad leaf forest

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central and southern great lakes

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taiga

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northern coniferous and boreal forests

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temperate rainforest

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conidferous trees, pacific northwest

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tundra

Back 24

dry as a desert, found in cooler latitudes

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polar ice

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year long cold, low precipitation

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habitat

Back 26

where a species lives

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hibernation

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adaptation to winter

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chemosynthesis

Back 28

an organism's ability to make organic molecules from hydrogen sulfide and other gases

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zooplankton

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free floating animals

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phytoplankton

Back 30

algae and bacteria

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permafrost

Back 31

permanently frozen soil

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acclimation

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gradual, reversible change in anatomy and physiology

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ectothermal

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cold blooded

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endothermal

Back 34

uses metabolism to regulate body temp

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greenhouse gases

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absorbs infrared radiation released by earths surface and warms emitting energy

Front 36

greenhouse effect

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a natural phenomenon that keeps the earths temperature warm enough to sustain life

Front 37

main cause of greenhouse effect

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increased consumption of fossil fuels and deforestation

Front 38

major contributor of global/climate change

Back 38

humans

Front 39

biodiversity

Back 39

the variety of things growing on earth

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species biodiversity

Back 40

number and variety of species in the world or a particular region

Front 41

genetic biodiversity

Back 41

differences in DNA and same species

Front 42

ecosystem biodiversity

Back 42

number and variety of ecosystems

Front 43

habitat alteration

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organisms are adapted to the environment in which they live so change makes the habitat less suitable

~greatest cause of loss~

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invasive species

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pushes native species to extinction

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pollution

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acid precipitation is threat to forest and aquatic ecosystems

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overharvesting

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high intensity hunting or harvesting

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interspecific

Back 47

(-/-)

multiple organisms seek same limited resources, competition

Front 48

predation

Back 48

(+/-)

one species consumes the other

Front 49

herbivory

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(+/-)

animals feed on plant tissue

Front 50

parasites/pathogens

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(+/-)

one organism depends on another for nutrients

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mutualism

Back 51

(+/+)

both species benefit

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cryptic coloration

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camouflage

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mimicry

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mimicking the venomous or dangerous species

Front 54

warning coloration

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bright coloration seen in poisonous or venomous species

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interspecific

Back 55

competition between different species

Front 56

intraspecific

Back 56

competition between same species

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detritus

Back 57

dead organic matter

Front 58

lithosphere

Back 58

rock and sediment of earths surface

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atmosphere

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air surrounding the planet

Front 60

hydrosphere

Back 60

encompasses all water in surface bodies, underground or in the atmosphere

Front 61

biosphere

Back 61

total of all the planets abiotic and biotic portions

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trophic levels

Back 62

bottom- producers/autotrophs

second- primary consumers

third- secondary consumers

top- tertiary consumers