Biology

Front 1

Functions of the Mitotic phase?

Back 1

a.the vast majority of cells in the adult body are NOT dividing.

b.To renew naturally used-up cells.

c.To replace cells after injury.

d.During development

e.During reproduction of single-celled organisms.

Front 2

What cells in the adult body are Terminally Differentiated?

Back 2

--Mature neurons

--Mature muscle cells

--Mature bone cells

--Mature Red blood cells

Front 3

What cell types regularly divide?

Back 3

--liver cells

--cells lining the gut

--skin, hair, nails.

Front 4

Stem Cells: what? where? why?

Back 4

What? Cells that divide when summoned to renew and repair tissues like blood, muscle, and nerves. Where? They are in terminally differentiated tissues, waiting to be asked to divide.

Why? they divide to make another stem cell* and non-dividing replacement cell.

Front 5

What is the cell cycle?

Back 5

the alteration between two "phases"

--The Mitotic Phase --Interphase

Front 6

Interphase:

Back 6

the longest part of the cell cycle

--Cells grow --Cells that aren't dividing (usually terminally differentiated cells) enter "GO" and stop their cell cycle

Front 7

What are the 3 phases of Interphase?

Back 7

G1, S , G2

Front 8

G1:

Back 8

Gap 1- Cell grows in size making new organelles.

Front 9

S:

Back 9

Synthesis- Cell REPLICATES (copies) its DNA

Front 10

G2:

Back 10

Gap 2- Cell with replicated DNA grows MORE.

Front 11

G0:

Back 11

Gap 0--Cell is resting, or terminal differentiation.

Front 12

How is a chromosome formed?

Back 12

DNA molecules in a normal cell are wrapped up with proteins to form a chromosome.

Front 13

Describe the Syntheseis(S) stage in detail.

Back 13

Each chromosome is copied once, creating two "sister chromatids"

Front 14

Mitotic Phase:

Back 14

when the cell divides and it has two parts.

a. Mitosis b. Cytokinesis

Front 15

What are the 5 major stages of Mitosis?

Back 15

Prophase(1-first phase), Prometaphase(2), Metaphase(3-middle), Anaphase(4-Up phase),Telophase(5-End phase)

Front 16

Prophase:

Back 16

1. Chromatin (DNA strands+Protein) condense into visible chromosomes.

2. Sister chromatids connected by the centroMEREs.

3.CentroSOMEs seperate.

Front 17

Prometaphase:

Back 17

1.Nuclear membrane breaks down

2. Microtubules from centrosomes bind centromeres.

Front 18

3 large stages of mitosis

Back 18

Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Front 19

Metaphase:

Back 19

chromosomes line up exactly between centrosomes

Front 20

Anaphase:

Back 20

Sister chromatids separate, pulled by microtubules

Front 21

Telophase:

Back 21

1. Nuclear membrane

2. Cytokinesis can begin at the same time.

Front 22

Cytokinesis:

Back 22

--Rest of the cell divides (cell membrane and cytoplasm)

-- In animals, driven by contracting ring of microfilaments during cleavage.

-- In plants, driven by formation of new cell wall.