Biology ~50/50~ (Part 2)

Front 1

Which molecule is a typical component of the animal cell membrane?

(A) Glucose
(B) Carbohydrates

Back 1

(B) Carbohydrates

Reason:
The major components of animal cell membranes are phospholipids, integral and peropheral proteins, and carbohydrates.

One of the main functions of carbohydrates at the cell membrane is cell-cell recognition (important component of immune system).

Front 2

Which one is an example of passive transport across the cell membrane?

(A) The movement of carbon dioxide across the cell membrane
(B)The selective uptake of hormones across the cell membrane

Back 2

(A) The movement of carbon dioxide across the cell membrane

Reason:
Carbon dioxide can passively diffuse through the cell membrane.

Passive diffusion is diffusion that occurs without the cell doing any work.

The substanes that can passively diffuse across the membrane are small nonpolar molecules.

Front 3

Large molecules are moved out of the cell by which process?

(A) Exocytosis
(B) Pinocytosis

Back 3

(A) Exocytosis

Reason:
Exocytosis=vesicles that are to be exported from the cell fuse with the plasma membrane, and their contents are expelled into the extracellular matrix

Pinocytosis is a type of endoctosis.

Front 4

The purpose of cell respiration in a eukaryotic cell is to do what?

(A) break down carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of ADP
(B) break down carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of ATP

Back 4

(B) break down carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of ATP

Reason:
It can't be (A) because ADP is the dephosphorylation of ATP--it is left over after the energy from ATP has been used.

Front 5

2K + Br2-->2K+ + 2Br

In the course of the above reaction, potassium is . . .
(A) oxidized
(B) reduced

Back 5

(A) oxidized

Reason:
Oxidation involves the loss of an electron.

Reduction is the gain of an electron by an atom or molecule.

In this reaction, potassium is the reducing agent it reduces bromide and becomes oxidized. Bromide is the oxidizing agent; it becomes reduced when it receives an electron from the potassium.

Front 6

The net result of glycolysis is how much?

(A) 4 ATP and 2 NADH
(B) 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Back 6

(B) 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Front 7

In the course of the Kerbs cycle, how many molecules of ATP are produced?

(A) 4
(B) 2

Back 7

(A) 4

Front 8

The process that produces the largest amount of ATP during respiration is what?

(A) the Kerbs cycle
(B) chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation

Back 8

(B) chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation

Front 9

What is the process by which glucose is split into pyruvate?

(A) Glycolysis
(B) Electron transport chain

Back 9

(A) Glycolysis

Front 10

What is the process by which a hydrogen gradient is used to create ATP?

(A) Electron transport chain
(B) Chemiosmosis

Back 10

(B) Chemiosmosis

Front 11

What is the process that makes a small amount of ATP and can produce lactic acid as a by product?

(A) Fermentation
(B) Chemiosmosis

Back 11

(A) Fermentation

Front 12

A series of membrane embedded electron carriers that ultimately create the hydrogen ion gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP. What is it?

(A) The Kerbs cycle
(B) Electron transport chain

Back 12

(B) Electron transport chain

Front 13

What is the process by which the breakdown of glucose is completed and CO2 is produced?

(A) The Kerbs cycle
(B) Glycolysis

Back 13

(A) The Kerbs cycle

Front 14

The major product of the Calvin cycle is what?

(A) ribulose bisphosphate
(B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Back 14

(B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Front 15

..A.........B
.|_|.......|_|
.|..|.......|..|
.|..|___ˍ|..|
.(___|___)
........^......
Selectively permeable membrane

A= 2.0 M sucrose, 1.0 M glucose
B= 1.0 M sucrose, 2.0 M glucose

The above shows two solutions of glucose and sucrose in a U-tube containing a semi-permeable membrane (which allows the passage of sugars). Which one accurately describes what will take place next?

(A) Sucrose will diffuse from side B to side A
(B) Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A

Back 15

(B) Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A

Reason:
Substances will move down their concentration gradient until their concentration is equal on two sides of a membrane. For this reason, because the concentration of glucose on side B of the tube is 2.0M, while the concentration of glucose on the A side of the tube is 1.0M, glucose will move to side A.