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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two forms of flight?
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powered(gain altitude)and unpowered(lose altitude)
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what are the two types of unpowered flight?
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gliding:go farther than 45 degress away
parachuting:closer than 45 degrees away |
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how many times did unpowered flight evolve?and in which lineages?
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-6
-3 in mammals, 3 in birds |
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are lepidosaurs flyers? are they powered or unpowerd?
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-yes
-unpowered(gliders) lizards,tipozoan(gekos),snakes |
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what tetrapod amphibians have unpowered flight?
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-ray fin fish=gliding
-frog=parachuting |
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what is the only thing needed to perfrom unpowered flight?
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a change in shape/morphology
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what is required for powered flight?what are the 3 lineages of the amniots that use powered flight? where is powered flight NEVER found?
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-alotof energy
-change in morphology -birds, bats, terasaurs -in ecothermal vertebrate |
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what are the two hypohtesis that made birds move into flight? in each case what kind of feathers did the birds have?
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1.trees down hypothesis(jumped from tree to tree then down to the ground)-down feathers
2.ground up(started on the ground and developed wings then left the ground)-true feahters |
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how do the each monkey walk?
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-orangutan=fist
-gorilla=knuckle onl all 4s |
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what is the closes monkey to us? how close are they to humans?
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-chimps
-1-2%difference in the DNA |
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what are humans?
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homospapiens
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what are the three types of human lineages that have existed?
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-australopithlious(Africa),bipedal can walk and climb
-paranthrous(Africa)very heavy jaws and bran -homo(europe,asia,africa) |
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what are the two species of homos?
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1.homo neandertalensis(1500cc brains)
2.homosapiens(1350cc brains) |
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what are the 2 hypothesis of homos?
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1. out of africa- africa homos out competed all the other ones in europe
2.assimilation- homosapiens in africa interbreed with sapiens in europe |
