Biology

Front 1

What is a water potential?

What are its two components?

Back 1

Movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

1.) Solute potential (water becomes more negative with higher concentrations of a solute)

2.) Pressure potential

Front 2

What is turgid?
what is Plasmolyzed?

Back 2

Turgid - A cell expanding by water uptake

Plasmolyzed - Cell shrinkage by water loss.

Front 3

Explain water uptake in plants

Where is water unregulated?
Where is water regulated?

Back 3

Water moves into the cortex (lower water potential than soil), then moves into the vascular cylinder (lower water potential than cortex)

Unregulated - In the Apoplast

Regulated - By Plasma Membrane in the Symplast (forced into symplast by casparian strips)

Front 4

What is the effect of water evaporating from the open stomata?

Back 4

Makes the water potential of mesophyll cells more negative, and causes water to enter the cell osmotically from the vein.

Front 5

How does water move down to the roots?

Back 5

The cohesion of water molecules, will form an adhesion to the dead cell walls.

Front 6

Describe what is required for a guard cell to open? What products come into the cell, and when do they leave?

Back 6

The cell opens when it is turgid. This is done by having potassium ions (K+) to enter the guard cell which allows for the water to move into the guard cell and fill the vacuoules (opening the stomata)

The stomata closes when the potassium ions leave, causing the water to leave too.

Front 7

What can influence water loss?

And what is the role of transpiration in a beneficial way?

Back 7

Water loss is influenced by the cuticle and the stomata

Transpiration - Evaporative loss of water from plant shoot
Benefits: Distributes water to upper parts of plant, and cools leaves warmed by the sun's radiation.

Front 8

What influences Transpiration?
(2 main things)

Back 8

1.) Stomatal opening/ closing

2.) Evironmental conditions (air temperature, and relative humidity)

Front 9

When do plants open and close their stomata? and under what conditions?

Back 9

Plants open their stomata during the day and close them at night

The stomata will open if the CO2 concentration inside the leaf air spaces is too low

The stomata will close if the plant is extremely water stressed.

Front 10

Name 4 things of phloem transport (Translocation)

Back 10

1.) Requires living phloem tissue
2.) Can occur in either direction (up or down)
3.) Involves ATP energy
4.) It is mostly sucrose (about 90% sugar)

Front 11

Transport of photosynthate occurs from ..... to.....

And has its highest concentration at the.....

Back 11

Source to Sink

Source

Front 12

How is sucrose loaded into the phloem?

Back 12

By Active Transport

Front 13

What type of "transporting" do solutes use to move from the phloem to the sink?

Back 13

Active Transport.