Biology

Front 1

What type of movement do plane joints have?

Back 1

-Uniaxial
-Gliding motion
-Ex: Interveretbral, costovertebral, sternocostal

Front 2

What type of movement do saddle joints have?

Back 2

-Biaxial movement
-Ex: Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Front 3

What type of movement do hinge joints have?

Back 3

-Uniaxial
-Convex and Concave
-Ex: Knee and Elbow

Front 4

What type of movement do pivot joints have?

Back 4

-Uniaxial
-Cylindrical process inside a ring
-Ex: Radioulnar joints

Front 5

What type of movement do ball and socket joints have?

Back 5

-Multiaxial
-Ex: Shoulder and Hip

Front 6

What type of movement do Ellipsoid joints have?

Back 6

-Biaxial
-Ex: Atlantooccipial (Joint of the neck)

Front 7

Describe Flexion and Extension

Back 7

-Flexion: movement of a body part in front of the coronal plane
-Extension: movement of a body part behind the coronal plane

Front 8

Describe Abduction and adduction

Back 8

-Abduction: movement away from the midline (spreading apart fingers)
-Adduction: movement towards the midline (closing fingers back together

Front 9

Describe medial and lateral rotation

Back 9

-Medial rotation: rotating towards the midline
-Lateral rotation: rotating away from the midline

Front 10

What is circumduction?

Back 10

-Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
- Ex: a baseball player getting ready to pitch

Front 11

Describe pronation and supination

Back 11

Pronation: Forearm facing down
Supination: Forearm facing up

Front 12

Describe protraction and retraction

Back 12

Protraction: Gliding motion moving a structure anterior
Retraction: Moves structure back, or even more posteriorly

Front 13

What is Lateral excursion?

Back 13

Moving the jaw (mandible) to either right or left midline

(Medial excursion moves the jaw back to the middle)

Front 14

Describe Inversion and Eversion

Back 14

-Inversion: Bottom of foot faces opposite foot (supination)
-Eversion: Bottom of foot faces outwards (pronation)

Front 15

What are the three types of joints?

Back 15

-Fibrous
-Cartilage
-Synovial

Front 16

Do fibrous joints have a cavity?

Back 16

No

Front 17

Are fibrous joints very moveable?

Back 17

No

Front 18

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Back 18

1)Skull sutures: during growth they are loose (fontanels)
2)Syndesmoses: 2 bones united by a fibrous ligament ex: radius and ulna bones held together by interosseous ligament
3)Gomphosis: Immobile tooth joint

Front 19

What are the two types of cartilage joints?

Back 19

1)Synchondrosis: Hyaline cartilage with little or no movement ex: Epiphyseal plate
2)Symphis: Fibrocartilage for strength ex: Symphis pubis and intervertebral discs

Front 20

Are synovial joints enclosed by a joint capsule?

Back 20

Yes

Front 21

Describe the capsule

Back 21

-Outside fibrous capsule: blood vessels/ nerves
-Inner synovial membrane: secretes synovial fluid

Front 22

What is a Bursa?

Back 22

-An extension of the joint cavity as a sac, which contains synovial fluid
-Provide a cushion for structures that would otherwise rub together

Front 23

What is a meniscus?

Back 23

-Fibrocartilage which helps hold 2 articulating ends together
-Necessary for joints like the knee

Front 24

What are collateral ligaments?

Back 24

-Found inside and outside of the knee, there to help with strength and stability of the knee

Front 25

What are condyle and epicondyles?

Back 25

-Condyle: round protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone
-Epicondyle: Protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone