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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Somatic Nervous System
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relays information from the external environment to the muscles; includes involuntary reflex arcs
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Autonomic Nervous System
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monitors/regulates internal invironment; heart rate, digestion, glandular function, respiration. Composed of sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems.
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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normalizes body after stress; slows heart rate/breathing & increases organ function
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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prepares body for stress; diverts blood to brain/heart/skeletal muscles which increases pulse, breathing, perspiration and blood pressure
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Motor Neuron
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transmit signal from CNS to MUSCLE; SHORT non-myelinated dendrite; LONG myelinated axon
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Sensory Neuron
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transmits a signal from SENSORY RECEPTOR to CNS; long dendrite/axon both myelinated
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Node of Ranvier
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gaps between sections of myelin sheath
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Schwann Cell
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produces myelin sheath
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Myelin Sheath
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insulated covering over axon of neuron; prevents loss of charge
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Glial Cell
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nonconducting cell which is important for structural support & metabolism
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Dendrite
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recieves information
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Axon
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conducts nerve impulses AWAY from body
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Neurilemma
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membrane which helps neuron self-repair
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Interneuron
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neurons within the CNS
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Reflex
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involuntary response to stimulus
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Reflex Sequence
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sensory receptor -> sensory neuron -> interneuron ->CNS -> interneuron -> motor neuron -> muscle
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Resting Potential
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-70mV, polarized, Na+ out, K+/Cl- in
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Depolarization
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Na+ gates open, influx of Na+, positive inside. 40mV
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Repolarization
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K+ channels open, efflux of K+, Na+ gates close
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Refractory Period
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no response to stimuli; slow closing of gates makes hyperpolarization; sodium-potassium pump actively transports Na+ out and K+ in
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Neurotransmitting Process
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Calcium in presynaptic; causes vesicles w/ neurotransmitters to diffuse across synapse to post-synaptic receptors
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Excitatory
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stimulates farther transmission of signal; causes sodium gates to open and action potential on post-synapse
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Inhibitory
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terminates farther transmission of signal; potassium gates open; K+ out of neuron; causes hyperpolarization
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Summation
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simultaneous release of inhibitory & excitatory neurotransmitters
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