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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who is Griffith and Avery?
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They showed the transfer of genetic information between bacteria using mice
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Griffith could be thought of as a name of a certain animal that has a lot to do with the answer
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Who is Hershey and Chase?
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used radioactive labeling of protein and DNA to prove that DNA is the genetic material
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Hersheys chocolate bars...
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Who is Watson and Crick?
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discovered the double helix structure of DNA
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they used everyone else's research to draw their conclusions
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Who are meselson and stahl?
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they demonstrated the semi-conservative replication of DNA by using a heavy nitrogen isotope
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no hint
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Who is Chargaff?
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performed experiments to show how the nitrogenous bases pair
A=T, G=C |
Chargaff=Gaff Char
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Who is Rosalind Franklin
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photos of DNA with crystallography
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no hint
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DNA
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the blueprint of all life...largest molecule in the cell
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no hint
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nitrogenous bases
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pyrimidines (C and T have single ring structures)and
Purines (A and G have double ring structures) |
no hint
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what is a gene
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a sequence of nucleotides that code for a certain protein or character trait
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no hint
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What is a codon
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three messenger Rna nucleotides which form a specific code for a given amino acid
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3 make up a ______
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What is an anticodon
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three transfer RNA nucleotides which base pair with their complementary codon on the messenger RNA; the amino acid attached to the tRNA is then able to attach to the growing peptide chain
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no hint
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what is the central dogma?
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the processes of replication transcription and translation
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it includes three processes
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replication is...
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a process by which DNA copies itself in preparation for cell division
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FORK
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what is transcription
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it is a process by which DNA is copied to mRNA so that the information can be used to construct proteins
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none
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translation is...
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process by which the information encoded on the mRNA is "read" and a protein assembled
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think of what the word means compared with the meaning of Transcription
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what is meant by the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication
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when the parent strand is physically divided and used in two daughter strands
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semi-conservative vs. conservative (meselsohn and stahl)
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what is the gyrase?
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it unwides or relazes the torque (double helix) of DNA
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G comes before H
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what is the helicase?
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opens the double helix of DNA
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H comes after G
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binding proteins are...
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what hold the double helix open
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know the 3' and 5' concept
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in replication, the process reads 3' to 5' and builds 5' to 3'
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what is the RNA primer and the RNA primase?
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the primase prepares the primer so that the primer can connect to DNA to start replication on leading and lagging strands
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a comes before e
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DNA polymerase III
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catalyzes DNA replication; requires RNA primer to start (can't initiate)
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DNA polymerase II
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proofreads
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DNA polymerase I
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replaces RNA primers on Okazaki fragments
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Okazaki fragments
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on the lagging strand of DNA, interupted replication. Named for discoverer
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DNA ligase
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binds the Okazaki fragments together
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True/False: DNA does not carry the genetic information of the cell
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False
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