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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
diploid
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diploid number 2n=46 total number of chromosomes in a nucleus of each cell.
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activities associated with steps of meiosis
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meiosis reduces chromosome number to 1n, meiosis I; prophase I, homologues in synapsis (bivalents), crossing over occurs; metaphaseI, homologous pairs line up at equator;, anaphase, homologous pairs separate/split; telophase, homologous pairs reach opposite poles/division-end up with 2 cells; interkinesis; meiosis II; prophase II, no crossing over; metaphase II, middle; anaphase II, split; telophase II, divide; meiosis yields 4 haploid gametes (sperm cells)
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chromosomes
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structure consisting of DNA complexed with proteins that transmits genetic information from the previous generation of cells and organisms to the next generation.
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heterozygous, homozygous dominant and recessive
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heterozygous-possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait; homozygous dominant-possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait that is dominant; recessive-allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote, its expression is masked by a dominant allele.
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test cross
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cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype. The resulting phenotypic ratio indicates whether the dominant phenotype is homozygous ro heterozygous.
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number of chromosomes in human gametes
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haploid sex cell contains 23 chromosomes
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G. Mendel
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Father of Genetics, discovered 2 laws governing inheritance 1. law of segregation and 2. law of independent assortment
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genotype and phenotype
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genotype-genetic makeup of an individual ex. Tt,tt, Tt; phenotype-outward appearance ex. short, tall, straight, curly
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karyotype
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tool which amounts to a picture of a person's chromosomes arranged in pairs according to their size, shape and general appearance in mitotic metaphase.
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nondisjunction
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Failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I and Meiosis II.
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incomplete dominance
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inheritance pattern in which th eoffspring has anintermediate phenotype, as when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring.
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codominance
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inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed.
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Tay Sachs disease
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is a disease that occurs in about one in 3,600 Jewish people that results from a lack of the enzyme hexosaminidase A and the subsequent storage of its substrate, a glycosphingolipid, in lysosomes.
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cystic fibrosis
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most common lethal genetic disease among Cuacasians in the United States, In these children, the mucus in the bronchial tubes and pancreatic ducts is particularly thick and viscous because the chloride ions fail to pass through plasma membrane channel proteins in the cells.
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