Biology

Front 1

cell

Back 1

The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane

Front 2

cell mem brane

Back 2

The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. Also called cytomembrane, plasmalemma, plasma membrane.

Front 3

surace area

Back 3

the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary

Front 4

non- polar molecule

Back 4

smallest particle of a substance containing no polars

Front 5

Hydrogen Bond

Back 5

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom, usually of another molecule.

Front 6

phospholipid

Back 6

Any of various phosphorous-containing lipids, such as lecithin and cephalin, that are composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule.

Front 7

lipid bilayer

Back 7

Any of a group of organic compounds, including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, are oily to the touch, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute the principal structural material of living cells with a structure, such as a film or membrane, consisting of two molecular layers

Front 8

Channel

Back 8

A course or pathway through which information is transmitted:

Front 9

Receptor

Back 9

A molecular structure or site on the surface or interior of a cell that binds with substances such as hormones, antigens, drugs, or neurotransmitters.

Front 10

Marker

Back 10

A physiological substance, such as human chorionic gonadotropin or alpha-fetoprotein, that when present in abnormal amounts in the serum may indicate the presence of disease, as that caused by a malignancy.

Front 11

Nucleus

Back 11

A large, membrane-bound, usually spherical protoplasmic structure within a living cell, containing the cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

Front 12

Eukaryote

Back 12

A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus.

Front 13

Prokaryote

Back 13

An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes.

Front 14

Cytoplasm

Back 14

The protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell.

Front 15

Ribosome

Back 15

A minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells and serves as the site of assembly for polypeptides encoded by messenger RNA.

Front 16

Cytosol

Back 16

The fluid component of cytoplasm, excluding organelles and the insoluble, usually suspended, cytoplasmic components.

Front 17

Organelle

Back 17

A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.

Front 18

Chloroplasts

Back 18

A chlorophyll-containing plastid found in algal and green plant cells.

Front 19

Mitochondria

Back 19

A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy.

Front 20

Homeostasis

Back 20

The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.

Front 21

Endoplasmic

Back 21

A central, less viscous portion of the cytoplasm that is distinguishable in certain cells, especially motile cells.

Front 22

Cell Wall

Back 22

The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells.

Front 23

Vacuole

Back 23

A small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste.

Front 24

Reticuleur

Back 24

Resembling a net in form; netlike

Front 25

Endosynthesis

Back 25

Two elements combining inside to form a whole element.