Biology 2.2 The Basics Of Genetics

Front 1

phenotype

Back 1

the physical and chemical characteristic that make up the appearance of an organism

Hint 1

表现型

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genotype

Back 2

the genetic make-up of an organism

Hint 2

基因型

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homologous pairs

Back 3

matching pairs of chromosomes

Hint 3

同源染色体

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karyotype

Back 4

image showing the chromosomes arranged into homologous pairs

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同源配对

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locus

Back 5

position of a gene on a chromosome

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遗传位点

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alleles

Back 6

different forms of a gene

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等位基因

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homozygous

Back 7

having both alleles for a gene the same

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纯合的

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homozygote

Back 8

an individual with both alleles for a gene the same

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纯种

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heterozygous

Back 9

having different alleles for the same gene

Hint 9

杂合的

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heterozygote

Back 10

individual with different alleles for the same gene

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杂种

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dominant

Back 11

allele which is expressed in the phenotype whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous

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显性

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express

Back 12

to show, as in the effect of an allele on the phenotype

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表现出来的

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recessive

Back 13

allele which is only expressed in the phenotype when the individual is homozygous for the allele

Hint 13

隐性

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true-breeding

Back 14

when two individuals are crossed, all of the offspring show the same phenotype

Hint 14

真纯种

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monohybrid crosses

Back 15

genetic cross that considers just one gene

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单性杂种杂交

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F1(first filial generation)

Back 16

the first generation of offspring in a genetic cross

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第一子代

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F2(second filial generation)

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the offspring that result from a cross of the F1 generation

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第二子代

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test cross

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a genetic cross with the homozygous recessive to show whether an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous

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交叉试验

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sampling error

Back 19

error which creeps into genetic investigations due to problems such as death of offspring, inefficient sampling and chance

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抽样误差

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law of segregation

Back 20

law of genetics. originally proposed by Gregor Mendel, which states that one allele for each trait is inherited from each parent and each pair of alleles is segregated (seperated) when the gametes are formed.

Hint 20

隔离法则

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law of independent assortment

Back 21

law of genetics, originally proposed by Gregor Mendel, which states that different traits are inherited independently of each other.

Hint 21

独立分类法则

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gene linkage

Back 22

genes that are inherited together in a linked unit of chromosome

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基因连锁

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polygenic inheritance

Back 23

characteristics which are inherited through the interaction of several different genes.

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多基因遗传

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thalassaemia major/Cooley's anaemia

Back 24

most severe form of beta thalassaemia

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主地中海贫血/库利氏贫血

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genetic pedigree diagram

Back 25

a family tree showing the sex of the individuals and if they are affected by a genetic condition or not.

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遗传谱系图

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albinism

Back 26

genetic condition in which the natual melanin pigment of the skin, eyes and hair does not form

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白化病

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human genome project

Back 27

massive international research programme that mapped the entire human genome

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人类基因工程

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multifactorial disease

Back 28

disease that is the result of many factors, some genetic and some environmental, all interacting.

Hint 28

多因素疾病

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Huntington's disease

Back 29

genetic disease caused by a dominant allele that develops in middle age and is fatal.

Hint 29

亨廷顿氏病

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drosophila

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果蝇

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meticulous

Back 31

一丝不苟

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prevalent

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流行

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melanin pigment

Back 33

黑色素

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tyrosinase

Back 34

酪氨酸酶

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melanocytes

Back 35

黑色素细胞

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phenylalanine

Back 36

苯丙氨酸

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cretinism

Back 37

克汀病

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alkaptonuria

Back 38

黑尿症

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phenylketonuria

Back 39

苯丙酮尿症