Biology 2120 Test 1 Skeletal System

Front 1

Certain bones serve as the site of blood cell formation known as:

Back 1

Hemopoiesis

Front 2

Hemopoiesis occurs in:

Back 2

red marrow of certain bones

Front 3

Name given to red marrow in flat bones:

Back 3

Dipole

Front 4

Yellow marrow of bone contains:

Back 4

Adipose Tissue

Front 5

Forms outer walls of bones
Consists of osteons
solid and strong
deposited over spongy bone

Back 5

Compact Bone

Front 6

Found at ends ends of long bones and in the middle portion of most other bones
Consists of trabeculae
open spaces between trabeculae

Back 6

Spongy Bone

Front 7

Interconnected Bars of bone:

Back 7

Trabeculae

Front 8

4 Classifications of Bone

Back 8

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Front 9

Posses long axis with expanded ends
diaphysis(shaft)
epiphysis (expanded ends) - contains spongy bone inside

Back 9

Long Bone

Front 10

cube shaped
compact bone over spongy bone
wrist and ankle

Back 10

Short Bone

Front 11

Bones that form inside a tendon
(patella)

Back 11

Sesamoid

Front 12

relatively flat bone and may have curved surfaces,
compact bone over spongy bone
the spongy bone contains hematopoietic tissue

Back 12

Flat

Front 13

Unusual shapes that don't fit other categories
(vertebrae,sphenoid)

Back 13

Irregular

Front 14

Membranes of Bone 2

Back 14

Periosteum
Endosteum

Front 15

Dense irregular CT that covers outside of bone except at articular surfaces:
(very vascularized)

Back 15

Periosteum

Front 16

tufts of collagen fibers that anchor periosteum to underlying compact bone:

Back 16

Sharpey's fibers

Front 17

Bottom layer of periosteum that rests on top of the bone:
(also found in endosteum)

Back 17

Osteogenic Layer of Periosteum

Front 18

Oteogenic layer of periosteum contains 2 cells:

Back 18

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

Front 19

Covers the internal surfaces of bones:
(including trebeculae of spongy bone)
(areolar ct)

Back 19

Endosteum

Front 20

Shaft of long bone is called:

Back 20

Diaphysis

Front 21

Diaphysis is hollow and filled with:

Back 21

adipose tissue (yellow marrow)

Front 22

Top and bottom of long bone:

Back 22

Epihysis

Front 23

Epiphysis is filled with:

Back 23

Spongy bone

Front 24

You can find what cells in Epiphysis:

Back 24

Hemopoetic Cells

Front 25

Hemopoetic Cells are located:

Back 25

Between Trabeculae

Front 26

Loomen of diathesis is called:

Back 26

Medullary Cavity

Front 27

Compact bone is made of structural unit called:

Back 27

Osteon

Front 28

Canal through the middle of the osteon:

Back 28

Central Canal

Front 29

Concentric rings of osteons:

Back 29

Lamela

Front 30

Within the lamela there are cavities called:

Back 30

Lacuna

Front 31

Within the lacuna there are:

Back 31

Osteocytes

Front 32

Between the lacuna is the:

Back 32

Bony Matrix (filled with calcium salts)

Front 33

Tiny canals that connect the central canal to the osteocytes in the lacuna

Back 33

Canaliculi
(Filled with interstitial fluid)

Front 34

Compact bone is pierced by ____________ that go from the outside of bones to the inside to provide vascular supply and pass through the central canal of the ostenons

Back 34

Perforating Canals

Front 35

Bone forming cells:

Back 35

Osteoblasts
(bone deposition)

Front 36

Osteoblasts are found:

Back 36

In osteogenic layer of
periostium
and
endostium

Front 37

Osteoblasts make:

Back 37

Osteoid
(Bony matrix)

Front 38

How do calcium salts get into osteoids?

Back 38

Calcium slats diffuse through capillary walls into the osteoid

Front 39

Osteoblasts make:

Back 39

osteons and trabeculi in spongy bone

Front 40

Osteoblast traped in lacuna:

Back 40

osteocyte

Front 41

Maintain the health of the bony matrix:

Back 41

Osteocytes

Front 42

The breaking down of bone:
(bone resorption)

Back 42

Osteoclasts

Front 43

Osteoclasts are found:

Back 43

In the osteogenic layer
(bottom portion of perioseum and endosteum on surface of bone)

Front 44

Osteoclasts secrete an enzyme that breaks down collagen in the bony matrix:

Back 44

collagenase

Front 45

How does osteoclast work:

Back 45

Secrete an acid that brings Ca salts into a solution which then wash out of bones

Front 46

When bone shapes itself as it grows and when new bone is created during repair process:

Back 46

Bone Remodeling

Front 47

Bone Remodeling Includes:

Back 47

Osteoblastic Deposition
Osteoclastic Resorption

Front 48

Law that states bone will increase or decrease its strength in response to stress:

Back 48

Wolfe's Law

Front 49

term given for bones growing

Back 49

Osteogenesis (ossification)

Front 50

Bones form during:

Back 50

6th week of pregnancy

Front 51

Way in which flat bones of the skull and clavicles form (dense CT):

Back 51

Intramembranous Ossification

Front 52

Involves formation of hyaline cartilage models:
(All bones except clavicles and skull)

Back 52

Endochondrial Ossification
(humerus, femur, etc)

Front 53

Around the diaphysis region of the cartilage model during fetal life

Back 53

Collar of Bones

Front 54

Develops in the center of the Diaphysis when osteoblasts and osteoclasts form in shaft of hylaine cartilage model which form:

Back 54

Primary Ossification Center (POC)

Front 55

Breakdown the hylaine cartilage and replace it with bone:

Back 55

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts of POC

Front 56

Forms the Shaft of bones (diaphysis)

Back 56

POC

Front 57

Forms the Epiphyses:

Back 57

Secondary Ossification Center (SOC)

Front 58

Replaces hylaine cartilage of epiphysis with bone:

Back 58

Osteoclast and Osteoblasts of SOC

Front 59

All parts of the epiphysis turn to bone except 2 locations:

Back 59

Articular Cartilage
Epiphyseal Plate (EP)

Front 60

Cartilage that caps the ends of long bones at joints:

Back 60

Articular Cartilage

Front 61

Bone elongation is made possible by:

Back 61

Epiphyseal Plates

Front 62

Plate of hyaline cartilage between each epiphysis and daiphysis and is involved with elongation of bones:

Back 62

Epiphyseal Plates

Front 63

2 major zones of Epiphyseal Plates:

Back 63

Zone of Cartilage Formation (ZCF)
(Epiphyseal side)
Zone of Ossification (Diaphysis Side)

Front 64

Zone where new hyaline cartilage is formed:

Back 64

Zone of Cartilage Formation

Front 65

Zone where hyaline cartilage is being converted to bone at the same rate new cartilage forms:

Back 65

Zone of Ossification

Front 66

Elongation stops when:

Back 66

Epiphyseal Plates Close

Front 67

Inhabit activity of chondroblasts that build new cartilage of EP and result in EP closure

Back 67

Testo
and
Estrogen

Front 68

Which has a greater effect Estrogen or Testo in epiphyseal plate closure?

Back 68

Estrogen
(EP plates close earlier in women)

Front 69

Causes the rate of ossification of epihyseal plate to exceed new cartilage formation result:

Back 69

Epiphyseal Plate Closure

Front 70

Calcium Ions are Essential to:

Back 70

Skeletal Muscle Contractions
proper beating of heart
Exocytosis

Front 71

too little calcium in body:

Back 71

Diaphram doesn't contract properly
Breathing Difficulty

Front 72

too much calcium in body:

Back 72

irregular heart beat

Front 73

Produced by thyroid gland and lowers calcium levels when they rise too high and promote bone growth:
Increase osteoblasts
inhibit osteoclasts

Back 73

Calcitonin (CT)
(not important)

Front 74

Raises calcium levels when they drop in blood plasma when calcium falls too low:
(between meals)
Increase osteoclasts
inhibit osteoblasts

Back 74

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Front 75

2 Vitamin D Deficiencies

Back 75

Rickets
Osteomalacia

Front 76

Decreases density of bony matrix

Back 76

Vit D Deficience

Front 77

Decreases density of bony matrix in kid (bowed legs) bones become soft:

Back 77

Rickets

Front 78

Essential for formation of collagen fibers:

Back 78

Vitamin C

Front 79

Vitamin C Deficiency is called:

Back 79

Scurvy
effects strength of all connective tissue

Front 80

Source of Growth Hormone;

Back 80

Pituitary Gland

Front 81

Pituitary Gland is located:

Back 81

Sella Turcica of the Sphenoid bone

Front 82

Excess of growth hormone that occurs in the adult causes bones to thicken
(such as cranial vault and crushes the brain)

Back 82

Acromegaly

Front 83

Bacterial infection of bone marrow

Back 83

Osteomyelitis

Front 84

OSteomyelitis is caused by:

Back 84

Staph

Front 85

Natural part of aging net loss of bones and bones become lighter and more brittle. More common on females

Back 85

Osteoporosis

Front 86

Prevention of osteoporosis

Back 86

Exercise
Don't Smoke
Estrogen HRT