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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are electron carriers; specifically describe what these molecules carry.
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Electrons are passed along a tykaloid membrane. Temporarily store chemical energy, such as ATP.
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Ch. 4- Distinguish between concentration gradient and equilibrium.
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Concentration gradient~ is the difference in a concentration across a space.
Equilibrium~ is when the concentration of a gradient is equal throughout a space. |
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Distinguish between endocytosis and exocytosis.
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Endocytosis~ the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle.
Exocytosis~ the movement of a substance out of a cell by a vesicle. |
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Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis.
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Diffusion~ movement of cells from high concentration gradient to low concentration gradient.
Osmosis is diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Distinguish between passive and active transport in terms of energy, and concentration gradient.
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Passive transport~ requires no energy. moves with concentration gradient.
Active transport~ requires energy, moves against a concentration gradient. |
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Distinguish between hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions.
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hypertonic~ cell shrinks because of osmosis.
hypotonic~ cell swells because of osmosis. isotonic~ osmosis produces no difference in the cell. |
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How is this ATP energy released?
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When the bonds that hold the phopshate together break.
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Ch. 4 Describe what is meant by the "free" water molecules.
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They are able to move freely around in the cell's membrane.
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Compare transport proteins: facilitated diffusion, ion channels proteins, and carrier proteins.
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Facilitated diffusion~ passive transport. moves cells down their concentration gradient, so requires no energy.
Ion channels proteins~ help transport ions across the cell membrane. Carrier proteins~ a specific kind of protein that can bind to the cell membrane, carry a substance across and release it on the other side. |
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CH. 5~~ What is ATP?
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A nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phoshate groups.
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How is energy stored in the ATP molecule?
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Through phosphate groups that form chains.
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