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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the parts of an animal cell? |
-A nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell. -Cytoplasm, in which most of the chemical reactions take place. -A cell membrane, which controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell. -Mitochondria, which is where most energy is released in respiration. -Ribosomes, which is where protein synthesis occurs. |
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What extra parts do algal cells have? |
Algal cells have all of the parts that animal cells do, plus a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell. |
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What extra parts do plant cells have? |
Plant cells have all of the parts that animal cells do, plus: -A cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cells. -Chloroplasts, which absorb light energy to make food. -A permanent vacuole filled with cell sap. |
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What are the parts of a bacterial cell? |
A bacterial cell consists of cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genes are not in a distinct nucleus. |
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What are the parts of a yeast cell? |
Yeast is a single-celled organism. Yeast cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall. |
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What are specialised cells? |
Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function. |
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What are some examples of specialised cells? |
-Sperm and egg cells in animals (the egg cell contains huge amount of food reserves to feed the embryo, and the sperm cell has a long tail and a streamlines head to help it swim to the egg, as well as a lot of mitochondria to provide the energy it needs to do this.) -Red blood cells in animals (red blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen; their biconcave shape creates a big surface area for absorbing oxygen, and helps them pass smoothly along capillaries to reach body cells; they are also packed with haemoglobin, the pigment that absorbs the oxygen, and they have no nucleus to leave even more room for haemoglobin.) -Palisade leaf cells in plants (palisade leaf cells are adapted for photosynthesis; they are grouped together at the top of a leaf where most of the photosynthesis happen; they are packed with chloroplasts which absorb light energy for photosynthesis, and there are more chloroplasts crammed at the top of the cell so they're nearer the light; they're tall with long sides, which means there's more surface area exposed for absorbing carbon dioxide from the air in the leaf, and they're also thin, which means that you can pack loads of them in at the top of a leaf.) |
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How do dissolved substances move into and out of cells? |
Dissolved substances can move into and out of cells by diffusion through the membrane. |
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What is diffusion? |
Diffusion is the spreading of the particles of gas, or of any substance in solution, resulting in the net movement from a region where they are of a higher concentration to a region with a lower concentration. |
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What affects the rate of diffusion? |
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion. |
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Why is oxygen needed by cells, and how does it get into cells? |
Oxygen required for respiration passes through cell membranes by diffusion. |
