Biology 202 Test 3- Animalia

Front 1

What is another name for the kingdom Animalia?

Back 1

Metazoa

Front 2

When did animals first evolve? Give the time frame, name of the eon, and name of the period:

Back 2

1. 570 mya
2. Cambrian period
3. Paleozoic Era

Front 3

What animal group do Choanoflagellates belong to?

Back 3

The Protozoans

Front 4

Name 5 characteristics of Choanoflagellates:

Back 4

1. aquatic (fresh or saltwater)
2. small (unicellular)
3. widely distributed
4. single flagellum and a collar of microvilli
5. many are sessile, some can swim

Front 5

What organism is this?

Back 5

A Choanoflagellate

Front 6

What does Darwin's theory of Perpetual Change encompass?

Back 6

The world is always changing and organisms undergo perpetual changes over the course of many generations

Front 7

What does Darwin's theory of Common descent encompass?

Back 7

All forms of life have branched from one common ancestor

Front 8

What is the branching tree of life called?

Back 8

A phylogeny

Front 9

What is Homology?

Back 9

The same organ found in many different organisms in a variety of forms and functions. Means that two organisms derived from one common ancestor

Front 10

What is Darwin's theory of Multiplication of Species?

Back 10

Genetic variation will split older ancestors into two or more different unique species.

To be a species, you have to be able to interbreed

Front 11

What is Speciation?

Back 11

The formation of a new species

Front 12

What is alleopatric speciation?

Back 12

When a species becomes vicariant because of geological separation and makes it impossible for the two species to breed after a while

Front 13

What is the Founder Event?

Back 13

When a small group of the population leaves a larger group of the population and evolves to a point where they become a different species

Front 14

If an animal is viviparous what does that mean?

Back 14

it means it gives live birth

Front 15

What does it mean for an animal to be oviparous?

Back 15

it lays eggs

Front 16

What does it mean for an animal to be ovoviparious?

Back 16

it has an egg inside itself but gives live birth

Front 17

What dos it mean to be hermaphroditic?

Back 17

the animal has both sexes

Front 18

What does it mean to be dioecious?

Back 18

different sexes

Front 19

What is Sympatric speciation?

Back 19

when different individuals within a species become specialized for different areas of the environment, most of the time for food

(exp: fish --> filter feeders)

Front 20

What is Parapatric speciation?

Back 20

an environment is subdivided in two (as a result of the environment) and is still in contact along a border but can never cross that border

Front 21

The Guadeloupian lizards are an example of what kind of speiciation?

Back 21

Parapatric

Front 22

What is Gradualism?

Back 22

Different anatomical traits happened gradual by incremental changes over a long period of time

Front 23

Is Gradualism always true? Why not?

Back 23

No because anatomical change happens in relatively short bursts and then goes through long periods of no change

Front 24

Can Choanoflagellates be apart of the Metazoans? Why?

Back 24

No because choanoflagellates are unicellular and metazoans are multicellular

Front 25

What are the 3 propositions of Natural Selection?

Back 25

1. There is variation among organisms in a population
2. The variation is partially heritable
3. Different variations will leave different numbers of offspring (ones that will be better suited to the environment)

Front 26

What is the study of microevolution?

Back 26

The study of genetic change occuring within natural populations

Front 27

What are the 4 triphosphates in DNA?

Back 27

A,T,C, and G

Front 28

What is a change or alteration in one of the DNA bases called?

Back 28

a mutation

Front 29

What is having 2 pairs of each chromosome called?

Back 29

diploid

Front 30

What is one gene called?

Back 30

an allele

Front 31

What is the difference between homozygosis and heterozygosis?

Back 31

homozygosis: the alleles are identical

heterozygosis: the alleles are different (mutation)

Front 32

What is the difference between monomorphism and polymorphism?

Back 32

Monomorphism: all individuals have identical alleles for a given gene

Polymorphism: different allele combinations for individuals with a given gene

Front 33

What is allelic frequency?

Back 33

The number of times a specific allele shows up over the total number of alleles in the group

Front 34

According to the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, alleles will never change unless what 5 things occur?

Back 34

1. genetic drift
2. nonrandom mating
3. migration
4. recurring mutation
5. natural selection

Front 35

Genetic drift is a change in allelic frequencies due to chance, and especially effects _________ populations.

Back 35

small

Front 36

What does nonrandom mating of animals cause? (2)

Back 36

• increased frequency of homozygotes
• but does NOT change allelic frequencies

Front 37

Migratory animals entering a new environment can affect __________ ___________.

Back 37

Allelic frequencies