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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genus Species is also known as..
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Charles LYELL proposed what..
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Uniformatarianism
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George CUVIER studied fossil in sedimentary rock, stated what..
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Species disappear due to a catastrophic event of the earth's crust.
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Jean LAMARCK
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One of the 1st scientist to understand that change occurs over time. Said acquired changes were passed to offspring.
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James HUTTON
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Gradualism - Changes in Earth's crust due to slow continuous processes.
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Charles Darwin. Voyage of the Beagle
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Lasted 5 years, around the world. Visted The Galapagos islands. Very different climates
- tortoises - iguanas - finches |
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Struggle for Existence
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Each species struggles for:
- Food - Living Space - Mates |
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Evolution
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The slow, gradual change in a population of organisms over time.
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Natural Selection
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Individuals who inherit characteristics most fir for their environment are likely to leave more offspring than less fit individuals.
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Thomas MALTHUS
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Observed babies being born faster than people were dying.
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Population Growth
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Malthus reasoned, if the human population continued to grow, later there would be no living space and scarcity of food. Death rate would increase.
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Darwin realized..
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Plants & Animals produce far more offspring that can be supported.
- Most die - If not, EARTH would be overrun |
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DARWIN'S Theory of Evolution.
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Organisms change over time. Common ancestors with modification.
- org. descended from ancestors |
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Why did Darwin not publish his book "The Origin of Species" for 25 years?
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- He would get criticism from the church
- It wasn't fully finished - Challenged religious & scientific beliefs. - Extremely controversial |
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Artificial Selection
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Selective breeding to enhance desired traits among stock or crops. Humans select variations that they found useful.
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Fitness & Adaption
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Fitness is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce. Adaption is inherited characteristics that increases an org. chance for survival.
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Natural Selection CAN NOT BE..
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Seen directly. It can only be observed as changes in a population over many generations.
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Major problem in Darwin's theory
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No mechanism to explain natural selection.
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Evidence of Evolution today
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-Earth is billions of years old.
- Fossils in different layers of rock showed evidence of gradual change over time. |
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Macro/Micro evolution
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Macro- Long time scale ~ create and destory speices
Micro- Short time scale ~ change populations |
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Homologous Body Structures
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Scientists noticed animals with backbones had similar bone structure. Differ in form or function.
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Similarities in Early Development
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Embryonic and Embryo
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Embryonic and Embryo
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Embryonic - Structures of different species show significant similarities.
Embryo - Early stages of vertebrate development |
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Biological Resistence
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Evolution of pesticide or antibiotic resistance in response to selection. Can be found in bacteria and other disease causing organisms.
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Evidence of Evolution, KEY CONCEPT
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Darwin argued that living things have been evolving on earth for millions of years.
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Evidence found in...
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-The Fossil Record
- The Geographical distribution of living species. - Homologous structures of living org. - Similarities in early development |
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Divergent evolution can only occur in..
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A relatively short time. One species gives rise to many different species in response to the creation of new habitats or some other ecological opportunity.
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Convergent Evolution..
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Unrelated species evolve similar traits even though they live in different parts of the world.
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Rate of Speciation
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Evolution proceeds in small, gradual steps according to a theory called gradualism.
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