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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hagfish and lampreys?
With out a jaw |
Class Agnatha, phylum chordata
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Jaw mouth?
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Gnathostomata
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What does the 1st gill arch become?
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The Cranium, bottom part disappears
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What does the 2nd gill arch become?
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The teeth
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What does the third gill arch become?
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It supports the jaw
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Plate skin, bony armored fish, thought to be extinct?
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Class Placodermi
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Salt and water balance?
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Osmoregulation
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Bony fish?, 30,000 + species, kidney/ gills to maintain salt/water, ex. strugeon?
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Class Osteichthyes
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Caviar is taken from?
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Class Osteichthyes, bony fish
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Sturgeon? Lochnest monster?
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Class Osteichthyes, bony fish
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2 Nostrils?
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Class dipnoi
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Lung fish?
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Class dipnoi
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Where are the three species of lungfish alive?
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Australia, Africa, and South America
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Lobe fin fish?
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Class Actinistia
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Was thought to be extinct 70 mya, but was found in the Comorro Islands, Indonesia, where they can be found 300- 500 m below surface?
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Coelacanth
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Frogs, toads, and salamanders?
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Class Amphibia
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What is a lobe fin?
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Foot
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What is the purpose of the neck?
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Mobility
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4 legs?
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Terrapods
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What is cryptic?
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Toxin
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What are the cane toads defenses?
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Cryptic and toxin
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7,000 species, with amniotic egg?
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Class Reptilia
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Fertilized before egg shell deposited, allows for different mating structures and behaviors, scaly skin?
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Amniotic egg
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Birds?
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Class Aves
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Amniotic egg, feathers, internal fertilization, 12,000 species?
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Class aves, birds
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What is the purpose of hair?
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Insulation and display, homeothermic
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What secretes milk?
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Mammary glands
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What class took over after dinosaur decline? (K-t crash, boundary)
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Class mammalia
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Turtles, gator, lizard, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals?
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Reptiles
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Have hair, homeothermic, high metabolism, mammary glands?
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Class mammalia
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Lay eggs, ex. pladapus
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Monotremes
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Kangaroos, koalas, o possum, carry eggs internally provide small amount of nutrition, babies are born tiny, pouch, attach to nipples?
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Marsupials
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Lots of development in uterus, fetus attaches to the endometrium of uterus by the placental?
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Mammals
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Leaves have parallel veins?
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Monocot
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Leaves have branched veins?
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Dicot
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Seed leaf =?
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Cotyledon
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Shallow mat of roots?
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Monocot
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Tap root?
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Dicot
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What are the 3 parts of a plant?
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1) shoots
2) roots 3) Transport tissue |
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Make food, support in plants?
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Shoots
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Anchor plants, and supply water and minerals?
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Roots
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Vascular tissue xylem and phloem?
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Transport vascular tissue
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Carries water and nutrients up the plant?
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Xylem
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Carries sucrose (sugar) down?
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Phloem
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What does the root system?
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1) anchor
2) absorb water/ nutrients 3) conduct/ transfer water and nutrients 4) store food |
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What part of the root absorbs the most?
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The root tip
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What is the purpose of root hairs?
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High surface area for absorption
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Where does cell division occur in plant roots?
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In the meristems?
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What helps plant roots get longer?
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Meristem
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What part of the roots divide to make them wider?
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Lateral meristem
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A potatoe is?
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A type of shoot, tuber
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Onion is a?
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Modified leaf
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What part of the plants reproduce asexually?
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Runners
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What is the purpose of the cuticle?
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Protection
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What cell does photosynthesis occur in?
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Palisade mesophyll
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When does the stomata close?
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When photosynthesis isn't occuring
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What are the 5 types of plant cells?
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1) Parenchyma cells
2) Collenchyma cells 3) Sclerenchyma cells 4) Xylem cells 5) Phloem cells |
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Basic cell made in the meristem, same carry out photosynthesis and store food (starch), no support role, and no secondary wall?
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Parenchyma cell
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Provide support, especially in growing tip, thickening of primary cell wall, flexible?
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Collenchyma cell
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Main support cells, primary cell wall, secondary wall with cellulose and lignin (glue)?
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Sclerenchyma cell
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Carries water and nutrients up a plant?
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Xylem
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Carries sucrose down a plant?
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Phloem
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What plant cells are dead and act like a straw?
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Xylem
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What are linked to companion cells, where metabolic work is done?
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Phloem
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Meristem =?
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Perpetual
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What makes new cells?
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Embrionic tissue
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Help lateral branches grow upward and roots grow down, plants get longer?
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Apical meristems
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Help plants get wider?
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Lateral meristems
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Cutting a circle around the tree through the bark?
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Girdle
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What is up taken in the plant roots?
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Water and minerals
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Water is up taken though through roots by?
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Osmosis
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Minerals are up taken through the roots by?
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Diffusion, normally by ATP
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Pores between plant cells?
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Symplast
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What is an example of symplast transport?
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Root hairs
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Besides moving through the pores in the plant cells water can also move?
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Between the cells
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What drive water up the plant?
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Evaporation in the leaves
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During good conditions stomata?
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Open, which causes a loss of transpiration
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During poor conditions stomata?
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Close, which slows growth
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What controls the stomata?
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Guard cells
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During good conditions the stomata?
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Pump potassium into guard cells and water enters
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During poor conditions the stomata?
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Potassium is pumped out of the guard cells and water leaves
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Closing stomata at night?
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Saves water
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What is the purpose of the needles on a cactus?
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They are a modified leaf, that has few stomata
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What stores water in leaves, few stomata, and is slow growing?
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Succulents
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What plant has spongy bark that traps mist and dew?
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Eucalyptus
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Plants that are good in dry environments?
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Xerophyte
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Where is sucrose used?
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In the sink
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Pressure flow model =? (sucrose)
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Translocation
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Macronutrients play a role in?
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Structures
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What macronutrients do plants need?
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium
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What micro nutrients do plants need?
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Zinc, Manganese, Copper, and Boron
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What nutrients do you look for in fertilizer?
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Nitrogen, Potassium, and Sodium
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What are protective buds?
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Sepals
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What is the filament and anther called?
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Stamen
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Modified leaves, surround reproductive structures that draw in pollinators?
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Petals
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When the male and female flower in one plant?
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Monoecious species
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Where are the sporangia?
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In the anther
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What do are sporangia =?
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Pollen sacs
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Egg + sperm =?
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Zygote
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Egg + 2 polar nuclei =?
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Endosperm, 3n, nutrition for embryo
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After double fertilization =?
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Zygote and endosperm
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In a plant the ovule develops into?
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Seed
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What can help with seed dispersal?
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Fruit
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What does germination need to start?
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A trigger
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Water- inhibition?
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- Active enzymes in endosperm release nutrients, - Causes swelling, - splits seed coat
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What is the purpose of the Florida fire ecosystem?
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Seeds need fire, kills off other vegetation, releases nutrients
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The seed passing through the gut?
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Weakens the seed coat
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What type of tissue is used in a tissue culture?
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Parenchyma tissue (system cells)
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What type of plants have been genetically engineered?
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Corn, wheat, etc
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How have strawberries been genetically engineered?
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They have been given an antifreeze gene from flounder, strawberries don't die from frost now
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How has corn and wheat been genetically engineered?
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They are resistant to round up herbicide, allows for the spraying of fields without killing corn but still kills weeds
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