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111 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Hagfish and lampreys?
With out a jaw
Class Agnatha, phylum chordata
Jaw mouth?
Gnathostomata
What does the 1st gill arch become?
The Cranium, bottom part disappears
What does the 2nd gill arch become?
The teeth
What does the third gill arch become?
It supports the jaw
Plate skin, bony armored fish, thought to be extinct?
Class Placodermi
Salt and water balance?
Osmoregulation
Bony fish?, 30,000 + species, kidney/ gills to maintain salt/water, ex. strugeon?
Class Osteichthyes
Caviar is taken from?
Class Osteichthyes, bony fish
Sturgeon? Lochnest monster?
Class Osteichthyes, bony fish
2 Nostrils?
Class dipnoi
Lung fish?
Class dipnoi
Where are the three species of lungfish alive?
Australia, Africa, and South America
Lobe fin fish?
Class Actinistia
Was thought to be extinct 70 mya, but was found in the Comorro Islands, Indonesia, where they can be found 300- 500 m below surface?
Coelacanth
Frogs, toads, and salamanders?
Class Amphibia
What is a lobe fin?
Foot
What is the purpose of the neck?
Mobility
4 legs?
Terrapods
What is cryptic?
Toxin
What are the cane toads defenses?
Cryptic and toxin
7,000 species, with amniotic egg?
Class Reptilia
Fertilized before egg shell deposited, allows for different mating structures and behaviors, scaly skin?
Amniotic egg
Birds?
Class Aves
Amniotic egg, feathers, internal fertilization, 12,000 species?
Class aves, birds
What is the purpose of hair?
Insulation and display, homeothermic
What secretes milk?
Mammary glands
What class took over after dinosaur decline? (K-t crash, boundary)
Class mammalia
Turtles, gator, lizard, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals?
Reptiles
Have hair, homeothermic, high metabolism, mammary glands?
Class mammalia
Lay eggs, ex. pladapus
Monotremes
Kangaroos, koalas, o possum, carry eggs internally provide small amount of nutrition, babies are born tiny, pouch, attach to nipples?
Marsupials
Lots of development in uterus, fetus attaches to the endometrium of uterus by the placental?
Mammals
Leaves have parallel veins?
Monocot
Leaves have branched veins?
Dicot
Seed leaf =?
Cotyledon
Shallow mat of roots?
Monocot
Tap root?
Dicot
What are the 3 parts of a plant?
1) shoots
2) roots
3) Transport tissue
Make food, support in plants?
Shoots
Anchor plants, and supply water and minerals?
Roots
Vascular tissue xylem and phloem?
Transport vascular tissue
Carries water and nutrients up the plant?
Xylem
Carries sucrose (sugar) down?
Phloem
What does the root system?
1) anchor
2) absorb water/ nutrients
3) conduct/ transfer water and nutrients
4) store food
What part of the root absorbs the most?
The root tip
What is the purpose of root hairs?
High surface area for absorption
Where does cell division occur in plant roots?
In the meristems?
What helps plant roots get longer?
Meristem
What part of the roots divide to make them wider?
Lateral meristem
A potatoe is?
A type of shoot, tuber
Onion is a?
Modified leaf
What part of the plants reproduce asexually?
Runners
What is the purpose of the cuticle?
Protection
What cell does photosynthesis occur in?
Palisade mesophyll
When does the stomata close?
When photosynthesis isn't occuring
What are the 5 types of plant cells?
1) Parenchyma cells
2) Collenchyma cells
3) Sclerenchyma cells
4) Xylem cells
5) Phloem cells
Basic cell made in the meristem, same carry out photosynthesis and store food (starch), no support role, and no secondary wall?
Parenchyma cell
Provide support, especially in growing tip, thickening of primary cell wall, flexible?
Collenchyma cell
Main support cells, primary cell wall, secondary wall with cellulose and lignin (glue)?
Sclerenchyma cell
Carries water and nutrients up a plant?
Xylem
Carries sucrose down a plant?
Phloem
What plant cells are dead and act like a straw?
Xylem
What are linked to companion cells, where metabolic work is done?
Phloem
Meristem =?
Perpetual
What makes new cells?
Embrionic tissue
Help lateral branches grow upward and roots grow down, plants get longer?
Apical meristems
Help plants get wider?
Lateral meristems
Cutting a circle around the tree through the bark?
Girdle
What is up taken in the plant roots?
Water and minerals
Water is up taken though through roots by?
Osmosis
Minerals are up taken through the roots by?
Diffusion, normally by ATP
Pores between plant cells?
Symplast
What is an example of symplast transport?
Root hairs
Besides moving through the pores in the plant cells water can also move?
Between the cells
What drive water up the plant?
Evaporation in the leaves
During good conditions stomata?
Open, which causes a loss of transpiration
During poor conditions stomata?
Close, which slows growth
What controls the stomata?
Guard cells
During good conditions the stomata?
Pump potassium into guard cells and water enters
During poor conditions the stomata?
Potassium is pumped out of the guard cells and water leaves
Closing stomata at night?
Saves water
What is the purpose of the needles on a cactus?
They are a modified leaf, that has few stomata
What stores water in leaves, few stomata, and is slow growing?
Succulents
What plant has spongy bark that traps mist and dew?
Eucalyptus
Plants that are good in dry environments?
Xerophyte
Where is sucrose used?
In the sink
Pressure flow model =? (sucrose)
Translocation
Macronutrients play a role in?
Structures
What macronutrients do plants need?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium
What micro nutrients do plants need?
Zinc, Manganese, Copper, and Boron
What nutrients do you look for in fertilizer?
Nitrogen, Potassium, and Sodium
What are protective buds?
Sepals
What is the filament and anther called?
Stamen
Modified leaves, surround reproductive structures that draw in pollinators?
Petals
When the male and female flower in one plant?
Monoecious species
Where are the sporangia?
In the anther
What do are sporangia =?
Pollen sacs
Egg + sperm =?
Zygote
Egg + 2 polar nuclei =?
Endosperm, 3n, nutrition for embryo
After double fertilization =?
Zygote and endosperm
In a plant the ovule develops into?
Seed
What can help with seed dispersal?
Fruit
What does germination need to start?
A trigger
Water- inhibition?
- Active enzymes in endosperm release nutrients, - Causes swelling, - splits seed coat
What is the purpose of the Florida fire ecosystem?
Seeds need fire, kills off other vegetation, releases nutrients
The seed passing through the gut?
Weakens the seed coat
What type of tissue is used in a tissue culture?
Parenchyma tissue (system cells)
What type of plants have been genetically engineered?
Corn, wheat, etc
How have strawberries been genetically engineered?
They have been given an antifreeze gene from flounder, strawberries don't die from frost now
How has corn and wheat been genetically engineered?
They are resistant to round up herbicide, allows for the spraying of fields without killing corn but still kills weeds