Biology 2 Ch. 2 Chemical Basis Of The Body

Front 1

*Basic material of universe
*Anything which occupies space and has mass

Back 1

Matter

Front 2

Amount of matter something has

Back 2

mass

Front 3

effect of gravity on something

Back 3

weight

Front 4

tightly linked
definite shape
vibrate in place

Back 4

Solid

Front 5

Not so tight
maintains fix volume
fits container

Back 5

liquid

Front 6

loose
fits container
move rapidly

Back 6

gas

Front 7

smallest units of matter that have their own distinct properties
based on there properies they are classified into elements

Back 7

Atoms

Front 8

body has about 35-36 _____ in it.
C, H, O and N make up 96% of body mass
The rest are in small numbers
O-65%N-3%C-18%H-10%CA1.5%P-1.0%

Back 8

Elements

Front 9

nucleus and electron shell
nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
electorn shells cantain elecrons.

Back 9

atomic stucture

Front 10

protons are positively charged
neutons are neutral, no charge
electons are negatively charged

Back 10

sub atomic particles

Front 11

two or more similar atoms combinded
atoms are different "compound"
have their own properties whcih are diff than the properties of the individual atoms
H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

Back 11

Molecules

Front 12

when e- are gained, shared or lost
HOLDS 2 ATOMS TOGETHER
electron shell or energy level is lowest near nucleus and higher as you come out
He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Back 12

Chemical Bonds

Front 13

transfer e-
electrostatic charge due to opposite charges
weak charges
NaCl

Back 13

ionic bond

Front 14

sharing of e-
stronger bonds
H2O

Back 14

Covalent bond

Front 15

very weak
formed between H atoms and a moleculd with a weak - charge.
attractvie force is electrostatic

Back 15

Hydrogen bond

Front 16

atoms and molecuels react
bonds broken and formed
new product produced

Back 16

Chemical reactions

Front 17

bonds formed
known as anaolism
combine atoms ions molecules to form larger molecules

Back 17

synthesis

Front 18

bonds broken
catabolism
break down of molecules into simpler molecules, atoms, and ions

Back 18

decomposition

Front 19

same atoms but different number of neutrons
stable and have similar properties like their common atom
unstable nucles

Back 19

Isotopes

Front 20

by losin subatomic particles, energy is released called radioactive decay
this energy can penetrate and destroy tissues
since rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive to destructive effects of radiation, this is why radiation is good on cancer

Back 20

radioisotopes

Front 21

also use radiation
loss of energy when e- move from higher e- shell to lower shell
_____ pass through soft tissue but not bone
good on teeth and bone
mamogram: since tumor is more dense than soft tissue ___ are good.

Back 21

X-Rays

Front 22

also use radiation
loss of energy when e- move from higher e- shell to lower shell
_____ pass through soft tissue but not bone
good on teeth and bone
mamogram: since tumor is more dense than soft tissue ___ are good.

Back 22

X-Rays

Front 23

compounds that do not contain chains of carbons

Back 23

Inorganic compounds

Front 24

compounds that do contain chains of carbon

Back 24

organic compounds

Front 25

Building blocks of most living structures and control most functions

Back 25

Organic compounds

Front 26

2% of body cell mass
sugars and starches
glucose (C6H12O6)
sucrose (C12H22O11)

Back 26

Carbohydrates

Front 27

provide body w/ easy source of energy
combine w/ other molecules for body structure

Back 27

Carbohydrates

Front 28

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Back 28

Types of Carbs
(3)

Front 29

Main building block of carbs
*simple sugars
*3-7 atoms, building block for lager carbs
*Glucose, futose, galactose

Back 29

Monosacchrides

Front 30

*C atomic number 6
*H atomic number 1
*O atomic nuber 8
*straight chan vs rig structure (more stable)
*Blood sugar

Back 30

Glucose

Front 31

H-C=O
|
H-C-OH
|
HO-C-H
|
H-C-OH
|
H-C-OH
|
H-C-OH
|
H

Back 31

Glucose

Front 32

*2 monosacchrides joined together
*water molecule is removed when bond is formed(dehydration or condensation)
*Important in body

Back 32

Disacchrides

Front 33

Glucose + gluose

Back 33

maltose (malt sugar)

Front 34

Glucose + fructose

Back 34

sucrose (table sugar)

Front 35

Glucose + galactose

Back 35

lactose

Front 36

*long chain of simple sugars used by body to store energy
*starch is 1 type(glucose chain)
*glycogen is another
*stored in muscle cells and liver cells

Back 36

Polysacchrides

Front 37

Water
Salts
Acids
Bases

Back 37

Inorganic compounds

Front 38

70% of total body mass
*universal solvent
*transport medium
*high heat capacity
*effective lubricant

Back 38

Water

Front 39

*ionizes when in water
*ions are able to conduct an electric current so they are called electrolytes

Back 39

Salts

Front 40

*molecules which release 1 or more H+ ions when it ionizes in water
*strong acids ionize completely and releases more H+

Back 40

Acids

Front 41

*molecules which reduce concentration of H+ ions in solution.

Back 41

Bases

Front 42

OH-

Back 42

hydroxide ion

Front 43

H30+

Back 43

hydronium ion

Front 44

Hydroxide > Hydronium

Back 44

Basic

Front 45

Hyrodium > Hyroxide

Back 45

Acidic

Front 46

Hyroxide = hydronium

Back 46

neutral

Front 47

0-more acidic; stomach acid
7-neutral; urine
14-basic; ammonia

Back 47

pH scale