Biology 2

Front 1

What are the five functions of bone?

Back 1

1. support

2. protection

3. movement

4. storage

5. blood cell formation

Front 2

What are classifications based on type of bone?

Back 2

-classification based on type

1. compact bone (looks smooth, dense, looks homogenous)

2.spongy bone (small needlelike pieces, has lots of open spaces)

Front 3

How many bones are in the human body?

Back 3

206

Front 4

What are classifications based shape of bone?

Back 4

1. long bones

(typically longer than they are wide, have a shaft with a head at both ends, ex. bones of the limbs)

2. short bones

(typically cube-shaped, contain mostly spongy bone, ex. wrist and ankles)

3. flat bones

4. irregular bones

Front 5

Where are spongy bones located?

Back 5

at the ends of long bones, proximal to joints and within the interior of vertebrae

Front 6

where are long bones located?

Back 6

ex: bones of the limbs

Front 7

where are short bones located?

Back 7

in the hands and feet

Front 8

where are flat bones located?

Back 8

the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, hip bone, sternum, and ribs

Front 9

where are irregular bones located?

Back 9

category used for bones that simply do not fit in the others, irregular bones can be found in diverse places within the body, mostly down the spine

Front 10

compare spongy and compact bone?

Back 10

connective tissue is plentiful in both types of bone

Front 11

four major events of bone repair?

Back 11

1. blood forms a hematoma

2. spongy bone forms close to developing blood vessels and fibrocartilage forms in more distant regions

3. bony callus replaces cartilage

4. osteoclasts remove excess bony tissue restoring new bone structure to original form

Front 12

axial skeleton

Back 12

the bones that make up the vertebral column and skull

Front 13

appendicular skeleton

Back 13

the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs

Front 14

compact bone

Back 14

dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts

Front 15

spongy bone

Back 15

The tissue inside of bones that resembles a sponge or a honeycomb with spaces containing bone marrow or fat

Front 16

long bone

Back 16

any long cylindrical limb bone in vertebrates that contains marrow and ends in an enlarged head that unites to form a joint with another bone

Front 17

short bone

Back 17

are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement

Front 18

flat bone

Back 18

principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment

Front 19

irregular bone

Back 19

from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone

Front 20

diaphysis

Back 20

the shaft or central part of a long bone

Front 21

periosteum

Back 21

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints

Front 22

epiphyses

Back 22

the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft

Front 23

articular cartilage

Back 23

is a white, smooth tissue which covers the ends of bones in joints

Front 24

epiphyseal line/plate

Back 24

is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.

Front 25

yellow marrow (medullary) cavity

Back 25

is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored

Front 26

red marrow

Back 26

the reddish bone marrow where red blood cells and some white blood cells are formed

Front 27

osteocytes

Back 27

a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted

Front 28

lamellae

Back 28

thin layer, membrane, scale, or platelike tissue or part, especially in bone tissue.

Front 29

central canal

Back 29

any of the minute tubes that form a network in bone and contain blood vessels

Front 30

canaliculi

Back 30

A small canal or duct in the body, such as the minute channels in compact bone

Front 31

perforating (Volkmann's) canals

Back 31

are atomic arrangements in cortical bones

Front 32

ossification

Back 32

The natural process of bone formation

Front 33

osteoclasts

Back 33

a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing

Front 34

fracture

Back 34

damage in the continuity of the bone

Front 35

closed reduction

Back 35

the reduction of a displaced part (as a fractured bone) by manipulation without incision

Front 36

open reduction

Back 36

is a type of surgery used to fix broken bones: first, the broken bone is reduced or put back into place. Next, an internal fixation device is placed on the bone

Front 37

hematoma

Back 37

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

Front 38

bony callus

Back 38

The bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of BONE FRACTURES during normal healing

Front 39

tuberosity

Back 39

large, rounded, may be rough projection

Front 40

crest

Back 40

narrow ridge, usually prominent projection

Front 41

trochanter

Back 41

large, irregular projection

Front 42

tubercle

Back 42

small, rounded projection

Front 43

epicondyle

Back 43

raised area above condyle

Front 44

spine

Back 44

sharp, slender, often pointed

Front 45

head

Back 45

bony expansion on a narrow neck

Front 46

facet

Back 46

smooth, nearly flat, articular surface

Front 47

condyle

Back 47

rounded articular projection

Front 48

ramus

Back 48

arm like bar of bone

Front 49

meatus

Back 49

canal like passageway

Front 50

sinus

Back 50

cavity within bone

Front 51

fossa

Back 51

shallow depression usually an articular surface

Front 52

groove

Back 52

furrow

Front 53

fissure

Back 53

narrow slitlike opening

Front 54

foramen

Back 54

round or oval opening through bone

Front 55

simple

Back 55

bone breaks cleanly

Front 56

compound

Back 56

broken ends of bone protrude out of skin

Front 57

comminuted

Back 57

crushed into fragments

Front 58

compression

Back 58

bone is crushed inward

Front 59

depressed

Back 59

portion of bone pushed in

Front 60

impacted

Back 60

bone ends are forced into each other

Front 61

spiral

Back 61

ragged break caused by twisting

Front 62

greenstick

Back 62

bone breaks incompletely