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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anatomy
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scientific study of body's structures
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physiology
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scientific study of chemistry and physics of structures of body and the ways they work to
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atom
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smallest unit of matter indivisible by chemical means
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cell
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smallest independently functioning unit of a living unit
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tissue
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group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
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organ
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anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types, performs one or more specific physiologically functions
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organ system
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group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body
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organism
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living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiological functions necessary for life
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integumentary system
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protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside, ex: skin
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skeletal system
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provides vital functions such as support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage, and endocrine regulation
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muscular system
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permits movement of the body, maintains posture, circulates blood throughout the body, consists of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles
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nervous system
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consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body, controls body and communication among parts
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endocrine system
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controls the body with chemicals called hormones
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cardiovascular system
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delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues, includes the heart
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lymphatic system
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protects the body; destroys bacteria and tumor cells
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Respiratory system
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removes carbon dioxide from the blood and responsible for intake of oxygen
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Digestive system
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breaks down foodstuffs into small particles that can be absorbed
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Urinary system
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conserves body water or eliminates excesses
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Reproductive system
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provides for conception and childbearing
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Movement
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an act of changing physical location or position
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Responsiveness (irritability)
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ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments
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Digestion
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the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body
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Metabolism
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sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body
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Excretion
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the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter
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Reproduction
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formation of a new organism from parent organisms
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Growth
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increase in body size
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Nutrients
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substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival
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Oxygen
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colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element that abounds in the atmosphere
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Water
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the basis of the fluids of living organisms
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Body temperature
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the degree of sensible heat or cold for an organism
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Atmospheric pressure
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the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere ex: keeps gases within your body
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Homeostasis
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ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes
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Receptor
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component of a feedback system that monitors a physiological value
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Control center
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component in a feedback system that compares the value to the normal range
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Effector
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component in a feedback system that cause a change to reverse the situation and return the value to the normal range
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Negative feedback mechanism
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mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point, maintains body parameters within their normal range
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Positive feedback mechanism
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intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition rather than reversing it
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Homeostatic imbalance
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occurs when the human body's internal environmental variables become disturbed
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Anatomical position
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the standard position of the body in the study of anatomy from which all directions and positions are derived
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Superior (cranial)
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situated nearer the vertex of the head in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of inferior
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Inferior (caudal)
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describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail
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anterior (ventral)
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nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head
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posterior (dorsal)
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further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it
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Medial
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describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body
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Lateral
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describes the side or direction toward the side of the body
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Intermediate
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in between
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Proximal |
Closest to attachment point
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Distal |
Furthest from attachment point
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Superficial |
position closer to the surface of the body |
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Deep |
position farther from the surface of the body |
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Abdominal |
Relating to the abdomen, the belly, that part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and the pelvis
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Antecubital |
inner surface of the elbow |
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Axillary |
relating to the armpit |
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Brachial |
of or relating to the arm, specifically the upper arm, or an armlike structure
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Buccal |
relating to the cheek or mouth |
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Carpal |
eight small bones that make up the wrist |
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Cervical |
of or relating to the neck
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Digital |
pertaining to a finger or toe |
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Femoral |
pertaining to the femur or thigh |
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Inguinal |
pertaining to the groin |
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Nasal |
pertaining to the nose |
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Oral |
pertaining to the mouth |
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Orbital |
the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated
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Patellar |
pertaining to the patella which is a flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint
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Perineal |
the region between the thighs inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
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Pubic |
of or relating to the pubes or pubis
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Sternal |
a long flat bone in most vertebrates that is situated along the ventral mid-line of the thorax and articulates with the ribs
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Tarsal |
the area of articulation between the foot and the leg, comprising the seven bones of the instep
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Thoracic |
relating to the thorax which is the part of the body of a mammal between the neck and the abdomen
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Umbilical |
relating to or affecting the navel
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Sagittal Plane |
two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides |
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Median (midsagittal) plane |
A vertical plane along the midline of the body dividing the body into right and left halves
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Frontal (coronal) plane |
divides the body into front portion and rear portion |
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Transverse (cross section) plane |
divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions |
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Cephalic |
relating to the head |
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Deltoid |
a large, triangular muscle covering the joint of the shoulder
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Gluteal |
pertaining to the buttock muscles or the buttocks
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Lumbar |
referred to as the lower spine
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Occipital |
posterior (back) portion of the head or skull
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Popliteal |
relating to or situated in the hollow at the back of the knee
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Scapular |
in relation to shoulder blade |
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Sural |
relating to the calf of the leg |
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Vertebral |
relating to the spine |
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Section |
single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through |
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Plane |
imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body |
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Dorsal body cavity |
posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord |
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Ventral body cavity |
larger body cavity located anterior the the posterior (dorsal) body cavity |
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Cranial cavity |
division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain |
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Spinal cavity |
division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord |
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Thoracic cavity |
division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea |
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Abdominal cavity |
contains a number of crucial organs including the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder
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Pelvic cavity |
body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis
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Abdomino-pelvic cavity |
division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera |
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Diaphragm |
dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals
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Umbilical region |
the abdominal region that is most central in location
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Epigastric region |
upper central region of the abdomen
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Hypogastric region |
the lower median abdominal region
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Right and left iliac (inguinal) region |
a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar region
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Right and left lumbar region |
lower back |
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Right and left hypochondriac regions |
the region on each side of the abdomen covered by the costal cartilages
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