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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means
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atom
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substance made of only one kind of atom and is therefore a pure substance
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element
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substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements
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compound
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group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
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molecule
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an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons
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ion
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attraction between substances of the same kind
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cohesion
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attraction between different substances
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adhesion
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mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance
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solution
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compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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acid
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compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
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base
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organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1
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carbohydrate
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building blocks of carbohydrates that are single sugars, such as glucose and fructose
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monosaccharide
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nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water
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lipid
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chain of molecules called amino acids linked together like pearls on a necklace
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protein
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building blocks of proteins
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amino acid
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long chain off smaller molecules called nucleotides
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nucleic acid
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composes a nucleic acid and contains three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group, which contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms
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nucleotide
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consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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consists of a single strand of nucleotides
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RNA (ribonucleic acid)
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a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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capacity for doing work; the ability to move or change matter
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energy
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amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
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activation energy
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substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
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enzyme
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the substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction
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substrate
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site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
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active site
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