Biology 182 Chapter 26

Front 1

The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.

Back 1

Phylogeny

Front 2

A discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.

Back 2

Systematics

Front 3

Credited for naming the species.

Back 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Front 4

Two part format of a scientific name.

Back 4

Binomial

Front 5

The first part of the binomial.

Back 5

Genus

Front 6

The second part of the binomial.

Back 6

Specific Epithet

Front 7

List the Classification Hierarchy

Back 7

Domain,Kingdom,Phylum,Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 8

Any level in the Classification Hierarchy

Back 8

Taxon

Front 9

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms represented in a branching diagram.

Back 9

Phylogenetic Tree

Front 10

Represents the divergents of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor.

Back 10

Branch Points

Front 11

Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor.

Back 11

Sister Taxa

Front 12

A branch point from which more than two descendant groups emerge.

Back 12

Polytomy

Front 13

Convergent evolution occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar adaptation in organisms from different evolutionary lineages.

Back 13

Analogy

Front 14

Analogous structures that arose independently.

Back 14

Homoplasies
Example: Bat's wings and bird's wings.

Front 15

A discipline that uses DNA to determine evolutionary relationships.

Back 15

Molecular Systematics

Front 16

A system where common ancestry is used to classify organisms.

Back 16

Cladistics

Front 17

Group that consists of an ancestrial species and all its descendants.

Back 17

Monophyletic Group or Clad

Front 18

Group that consists of an ancestrial species and some of its descendants.

Back 18

Paraphyletic Group or Clad

Front 19

Group that includes member of different ancestors.

Back 19

Polyphyletic Group or Clad

Front 20

A character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon.

Back 20

Shared Ancestral Character

Front 21

An evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clad.

Back 21

Shared Derived Character
Example: Hair

Front 22

A practice of investigating the simplest explanation that is consistant with the facts.

Back 22

Maximum Parsimony

Front 23

Given certain rules about how DNA changes over time a tree can be found that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events.

Back 23

Maximum Likelihood