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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four main classes of Organic molecules
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carbohydrates
nucleic acids proteins lipids |
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Biological molecules
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typically large molecules constructed from smaller subunits
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Another name for biological molecules
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macromolecules
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monomer
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single subunit
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polymer
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made up of many repeated single subunits or monomers
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Dehydration Synthesis
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monomers form bonds to make polymers by removing one water molecule
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Hydrolysis
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occurs when large polymers are broken down by adding a water molecule
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Carbohydrates
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group of compounds containing Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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what is the general chemical formula for carbohydrates
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(CH2O)n (n stands for the number of carbon molecules)
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How to carbohydrates create energy
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when C-H bonds oxidize they release energy
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oxidation
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breaking of bonds
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monosaccharide
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simplest carbohydrate (single sugar)
*Have as few as 3 carbons present |
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how many carbons to the monosaccharides contain that store the most energy?
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6 carbons
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what is the form of a 6 carbon monosaccharide?
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chain, but in aqueous solution they form a ring
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5-carbon sugars
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make up the nucleic acids, RNA and DNA
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Carbohydrates may be linked to lipids and proteins
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these links mediate cell to cell interactions or recognition and adhesion between cells
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Glucose
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most important monosaccharide used for energy storage
*Depending where the C=OH group occurs glucose can exist as an alpha or beta form |
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Fructose
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structural isomer
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how does fructose differ from glucose?
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in the position of the carbonyl carbon (C=O)
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carbonyl carbon
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C=O
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galactose
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stereoisomer
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how does galactose differ form glucose?
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position of the OH and H groups relative to the carbon ring
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what difference does the different bonding patterns make?
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fructose tastes much sweeter than glucose
arrangement of monomer makes a difference in what polymer is formed |
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Disaccharides
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serve as transport sugars within organisms
*made of two monosaccharides bonded together as a result of dehydration synthesis |
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sucrose
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a disaccharide that is found in tree sap
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how is sucrose used?
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main sugar used to sweeten foods,soft drinks, and pastries
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lactose
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disaccharide referred to as milk sugar
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lactase
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enzyme responsible for lactose digestion
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lactose intolerant
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not being able to digest milk products
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