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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meiosis |
Type of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) |
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Diploid number |
Total number of chromosomes |
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Haploid number |
Half of a diploid number |
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Gametes |
Reproductive cells usually have the haploid number of chromosomes |
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Zygote |
Fusion of the gametes to form a cell with a diploid number of chromosomes |
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Homologous chromosomes/homologues |
Members of each chromosome pair look-alike have the same length and centromere position |
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Alleles |
Alternative forms of the gene example blue or brown eyes |
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Crossing over |
Exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids of the bivalent during meiosis 1 |
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Interkinesis |
Similar to interface between meiotic division's however nobody any replication occurs because chromosomes are already duplicated |
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Gametogenesis |
Production of gametes |
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Spermatogenesis |
Production of sperm occurs in testes |
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OoGenesis |
Production of eggs occurs in the ovaries |
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Euploidy |
Correct number of chromosomes in a species |
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Aneuploidy |
Change in chromosome number due to nondisjunction during meiosis |
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Monosomy (2n-1) |
Occurs when an individual has only one of a particular type of chromosomes |
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Trisomy (2n+1) |
Occurs when an individual has three of a particular type of chromosome |
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Nondisjunction |
Failure of chromosomes to separate normally during my mitosis or meiosis |
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Primary nondisjunction |
Occurs during meiosis one when both members of a homologous pair go to the same daughter cell |
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Secondary non-disjunction |
Occurs during meiosis to win both chromosomes go to the same daughter cell |
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karyotype |
Visual display of chromosomes arranged by size shape and banding pattern |
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Barr body |
In females and males with an extra X-chromosome the other becomes an in active mass called a barr body |
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Depletion |
When an end of a chromosome breaks off or when to simultaneous breaks lead to the loss of an internal segment |
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Duplication |
Presence of chromosomal segment more than once in the same chromosome |
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Inversion |
When the segment of the chromosome is turned 180° |
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Translocation |
Movement of a chromosome segment from one chromosome to another non-homologous chromosome |
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Balanced translocation |
Receptor call swap of one piece of one chromosome from another |
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Unbalanced translocation |
Extra material from one chromosome and material from another chromosome |
